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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 1299-1311.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.33074

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

乙烯利-甜菜碱-水杨酸合剂对夏玉米耐热性和产量的调控效应

孟凡琦1,2,**，房孟颖1,**，罗艺3，卢霖1，董学瑞1，王亚菲1，郭丽娜1,3，闫鹏1,*，董志强1,*，张凤路3   

  1. 1 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室, 北京100081; 2吉林农业大学农学院, 吉林长春130118; 3河北农业大学农学院, 河北保定071001
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-15 修回日期:2025-01-23 接受日期:2025-01-23 出版日期:2025-05-12 网络出版日期:2025-02-12
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(32101858, 32071961)资助。

Effect of ethephon betaine salicylic acid mixture on heat resistance and yield of summer maize

MENG Fan-Qi1,2,FANG Meng-Ying1,LUO Yi3,LU Lin1,DONG Xue-Rui1,WANG Ya-Fei1,GUO Li-Na1,3, YAN Peng1,*,DONG Zhi-Qiang1,*,ZHANG Feng-Lu3   

  1. 1 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing 100081, China; 2 College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China; 3 College of Agriculture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China 
  • Received:2023-12-15 Revised:2025-01-23 Accepted:2025-01-23 Published:2025-05-12 Published online:2025-02-12
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32101858, 32071961).

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摘要：

高温热害已成为黄淮海地区夏玉米生产的重要限制性气候因子，增强玉米耐热性对保障该区域玉米稳产高产具有重要意义。为研究乙烯利-甜菜碱-水杨酸合剂(有效成分为乙烯利、甜菜碱和水杨酸，总有效成分含量42%，下文简称“EGS”)对夏玉米耐热性和产量的调控效用及其作用机制，以郑单958 (ZD958)和豫单9953 (YD9953)为试验材料，采用随机区组试验设计，设置常温(CK)、高温(HT)和高温化控(TR) 3个处理，TR在玉米6展叶期叶面均匀喷施乙烯利-甜菜碱-水杨酸合剂，CK和HT处理喷施等量清水，2021年设置V8、V12和VT共3个高温处理时期，2022年设置V9和VT共2个高温处理时期。结果表明，相比CK，HT处理对玉米株高和穗位高无显著影响，单株叶面积下降3.6%；TR处理下，玉米株高、穗位高和单株叶面积相比CK分别显著下降10.9%、11.9%和7.3%，叶片净光合速率相比CK和HT分别显著提高6.3%和16.8%。TR处理增强了2个玉米品种叶片耐热性，促进了高温胁迫下玉米干物质积累和根系发育，叶片SOD活性、POD活性、可溶性蛋白含量、花期植株干重和根系干重相比HT分别增加6.6%、17.5%、15.2%、11.0%和16.3%，2个品种ZD958和YD9953产量相比CK无显著差异，相比HT分别显著增加14.8%和14.2%。相关性分析和回归分析结果表明，产量与植株干重和根系干重密切相关。综上所述，叶面喷施乙烯利-甜菜碱-水杨酸合剂增强了高温胁迫下冠层干物质生产能力并促进了根系发育、进而缓解了高温对玉米产量的影响，可作为黄淮海夏玉米区抗热增产的重要栽培措施。

关键词: 乙烯利-甜菜碱-水杨酸合剂, 夏玉米, 高温, 热形态建成, 产量

Abstract:

High-temperature stress has become a major constraint on summer maize production in the North China Plain (NCP). Enhancing maize heat tolerance is therefore essential for ensuring stable yields in this region. This study investigated the effects of an Ethephon-Glycine Betaine-Salicylic Acid (EGS) mixture on the thermal response, morphological traits, and yield of summer maize, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Two maize hybrids, Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) and Yudan 9953 (YD9953), were evaluated using a randomized block design with three treatments: normal temperature (CK), high-temperature stress (HT), and high-temperature stress with chemical treatment (TR). For the TR treatment, EGS was applied via foliar spraying at the V6 growth stage, while water was sprayed in the CK and HT treatments. In 2021, high-temperature stress was imposed during the V8, V12, and VT stages, whereas in 2022, stress occurred at the V9 and VT stages. The results showed that compared to CK, HT treatment had no significant effect on plant height or ear height, but reduced leaf area by 3.6%. Under TR treatment, plant height, ear height, and leaf area decreased by 10.9%, 11.9%, and 7.3% relative to CK, respectively. However, TR treatment increased the leaf net photosynthetic rate by 6.3% and 16.8% compared to CK and HT, respectively. TR also improved leaf heat tolerance, enhanced dry matter accumulation, and stimulated root development under high-temperature stress. Specifically, TR treatment increased leaf SOD activity, POD activity, soluble protein content, plant biomass, and root biomass by 6.6%, 17.5%, 15.2%, 11.0%, and 16.3%, respectively, compared to HT. Additionally, the grain yield of ZD958 and YD9953 under TR treatment was comparable to CK but increased by 14.8% and 14.2%, respectively, compared to HT. Correlation and regression analyses further revealed that yield was closely associated with plant and root biomass. In conclusion, foliar application of the EGS mixture enhanced canopy biomass production and root development under high-temperature stress, mitigating yield losses. This provides a promising strategy for improving heat tolerance and sustaining maize yields in the NCP.

Key words: ethephon betaine salicylic acid mixture, summer maize, high-temperature stress, heat resistance, grain yield

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