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作物学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (11): 3065-3079.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.51036

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

深松耕作条件下滴灌对冬小麦花后干物质积累及灌浆特性的影响

张妍妍1,2，李迎1,2，刘栩辰1，黄超1,2，吕佳宁1,2，周海佳1,3，马守田1,2，秦安振1,2，高子乐4，吴光辉4，陈丹4，姬夏楠4，刘战东1,2,*   

  1. 1 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所, 河南新乡 453003; 2 中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心, 新疆昌吉 831100; 3.河南科技学院农学院, 河南新乡 453003; 4河南省豫东水利保障中心, 河南开封 475000
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-06 修回日期:2025-07-09 接受日期:2025-07-09 出版日期:2025-11-12 网络出版日期:2025-07-16
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY101601), 中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(ASTIP)和河南省2022年水利科技攻关项目(GG202247)资助。

Effects of drip irrigation on post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and grain-filling characteristics of winter wheat under subsoiling tillage

ZHANG Yan-Yan1,2, LI Ying1,2, LIU Xu-Chen1, HUANG Chao1,2, LYU Jia-Ning1,2, ZHOU Hai-Jia1,3, MA Shou-Tian1,2, QIN An-Zhen1,2, GAO Zi-Le4, WU Guang-Hui4, CHEN Dan4, JI Xia-Nan4, LIU Zhan-Dong1,2,*   

  1. 1 Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China; 2 Institute of Western Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, Xinjiang, China; 3 School of Agriculture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China; 4 Henan Yudong Water Conservancy Security Center, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
  • Received:2025-04-06 Revised:2025-07-09 Accepted:2025-07-09 Published:2025-11-12 Published online:2025-07-16
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Science & Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program (2022FY101601), the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP), and the Key Project of Water Conservancy Science and Technology in Henan Province (GG202247).

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摘要： 华北平原农业机械化的发展和应用造成的农田土壤压实、犁底层加厚等情况限制了作物生长。深松耕作能够打破犁底层，提高土壤耕作层环境，促进作物生长，但由于部分地区不合理的灌溉制度弱化了其改土效果。本试验在深松(ST)和旋耕(RT)耕作下采用灌水下限为田持70%的畦灌处理，明确深松耕作对冬小麦干物质积累的促进作用；并在深松耕作下分别设置田持的70% (DI-H)、60% (DI-M)和50% (DI-L) 3个滴灌灌水下限，达到下限时进行灌水，以ST处理为对照，分析深松耕作条件下滴灌不同灌水下限对冬小麦花后干物质积累和籽粒灌浆特性的影响，探究深松耕作下最佳灌水制度。结果表明，与RT相比，ST处理可显著提升花后干物质积累量和促进籽粒灌浆，促进花后干物质积累持续时间(T干)和籽粒灌浆持续时间(T籽)分别延长5.15 d和0.87 d，并提高花后干物质积累速率和籽粒灌浆速率，促进成熟期生物量增加9.7%。在深松耕作下，与ST处理相比，DI-H处理花后干物质积累持续时间(T干)增加15.05 d，但花后平均干物质积累速率(Bmean)降低0.10 t hm-2 d-1，导致二者之间花后干物质积累量无显著差异，而籽粒灌浆持续时间(T籽)延长2.56 d，籽粒重提高22.1% (P < 0.05)；DI-M处理T干增加8.45 d，Bmean未发生显著变化，花后干物质积累量增加15.7% (P < 0.05)，T籽延长3.64 d，Gmax增加0.18 mg 粒-1 d-1，籽粒重提高20.9% (P < 0.05)；但DI-L处理则导致T干和T籽均缩短，较ST相比分别缩短5.22 d和3.27 d，Gmean和Bmean分别降低0.06 mg 粒-1 d-1和0.05 t hm-2 d-1，导致生物量和籽粒重分别降低17.6%和12.3% (P < 0.05)。TOPSIS综合评价结果表明，DI-M处理综合得分最高，因此认为田持的60%水分下限为深松耕作条件下冬小麦滴灌最优灌水制度。该研究为深松耕作条件下合理灌溉制度的制定提供了理论依据和技术支撑。

关键词: 冬小麦, 滴灌, 深松耕作, 籽粒灌浆特性, 花后干物质积累

Abstract:

The development and widespread adoption of agricultural mechanization in the North China Plain have led to issues such as soil compaction and thickening of the plow layer, which in turn restrict crop growth. Subsoiling tillage is an effective method to break the plow pan, improve the soil environment within the tillage layer, and promote crop growth. However, in some regions, irrational irrigation practices have diminished the soil-improving benefits of subsoiling. To elucidate the positive effects of subsoiling on dry matter accumulation in winter wheat, this study employed border irrigation with a lower limit of 70% field capacity under both subsoiling (ST) and rotary tillage (RT). Under the subsoiling condition, three drip irrigation lower limits—70% (DI-H), 60% (DI-M), and 50% (DI-L) of field capacity—were set, with irrigation triggered when the soil moisture reached the respective threshold. Using ST as the control, the effects of different lower limits on post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and grain filling characteristics were evaluated to determine the optimal drip irrigation strategy under subsoiling. Results showed that compared with RT, ST significantly enhanced post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and grain filling, extending the durations of post-anthesis dry matter accumulation (Tdry) and grain filling (Tgrain) by 5.15 d and 0.87 d, respectively. ST also increased the rates of both processes, resulting in a 9.7% increase in final biomass. Among the subsoiling treatments, DI-H prolonged Tdry by 15.05 d compared with ST, but reduced the average post-anthesis dry matter accumulation rate (Bmean) by 0.10 t·hm?2 d?1, leading to no significant difference in total dry matter accumulation. However, DI-H extended Tgrain by 2.56 d and increased grain weight by 22.1% (P < 0.05). The DI-M treatment extended Tdry by 8.45 d without significantly affecting Bmean, resulting in a 15.7% increase in post-anthesis dry matter accumulation (P < 0.05). In addition, DI-M extended Tgrain by 3.64 d, increased maximum grain filling rate (Gmax) by 0.18 mg grain?1 d?1, and improved grain weight by 20.9% (P < 0.05). In contrast, DI-L shortened both Tdry and Tgrain by 5.22 and 3.27 d, respectively, compared with ST, and reduced both Gmean and Bmean by 0.06 mg grain?1 d?1 and 0.05 t hm?2 d?1, ultimately lowering biomass and grain weight by 17.6% and 12.3% (P < 0.05), respectively. A comprehensive evaluation using the TOPSIS method indicated that DI-M had the highest overall score, suggesting that a lower irrigation threshold of 60% field capacity is the optimal drip irrigation regime for winter wheat under subsoiling. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for developing rational irrigation strategies under subsoiling conditions.

Key words:

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