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滴灌条件下不同水溶肥种类和配比对鲜食甘薯产量和品质的影响

张海燕1，解备涛1，董顺旭1，张立明2，段文学1,*   

  1. 1 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 / 特色作物山东省工程实验室, 山东济南 250100; 2 山东省农业科学院, 山东济南 250100
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-11 修回日期:2025-06-01 接受日期:2025-06-01 网络出版日期:2025-06-12
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD2301000), 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-10-GW09)和山东省重点研发计划项目(2023TZXD001)资助。

Effects of different types and ratios of water-soluble fertilizers on the yield and quality of table-use sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] under drip irrigation

ZHANG Hai-Yan1,XIE Bei-Tao1,DONG Shun-Xu1,ZHANG Li-Ming2,DUAN Wen-Xue1,*   

  1. 1 Crop Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Featured Crops, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China; 2 Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2025-02-11 Revised:2025-06-01 Accepted:2025-06-01 Published online:2025-06-12
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2024YFD2301000), the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-10-GW09), and the Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program (2023TZXD001).

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摘要：

为探讨滴灌条件下氮磷钾不同配比对鲜食甘薯产量和品质的影响，在山东省平阴县和泗水县，以鲜食型甘薯品种济薯26和烟薯25为试验材料，设置4个处理：(1) 基施复合肥(N∶P2O5∶K2O=15∶15∶15) 450 kg hm?2 (CK)；(2) 栽后20 d、50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥(N∶P2O5∶K2O=16∶6∶36) 150 kg hm?2 (F1)；(3) 栽后20 d、50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥 (N∶P2O5∶K2O=8∶12∶35) 150 kg hm?2 (F2)；(4) 栽后20 d滴施水溶肥(N∶P2O5∶K2O=16∶6∶36) 150 kg hm?2 + 栽后50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥(N∶P2O5∶K2O=8∶12∶35) 150 kg hm?2 (F3)，研究了滴灌条件下不同水溶肥处理对鲜食甘薯植株干重、块根产量、块根淀粉和可溶性糖含量的影响。结果表明，水溶肥处理的产量和商品薯率均显著高于对照，不同水溶肥处理的产量和商品薯率均为F2 > F3 > F1。济薯26在平阴试验点F1、F2和F3处理的产量分别比对照增产10.04%、28.60%和19.23%，在泗水试验点分别比对照增产10.88%、29.55%和21.29%；烟薯25在平阴试验点F1、F2和F3处理的产量分别比对照增产7.62%、27.79%和20.12%，在泗水试验点分别比对照增产8.52%、29.17%和19.90%。甘薯生长中后期，F2处理的蔓长、叶片数、地上部干重均显著低于其他处理，块根干重均显著高于其他处理。F2处理的淀粉含量显著低于其他处理，可溶性糖含量显著高于其他处理。因此，在本试验条件下(土壤速效氮含量≤80 mg kg?1)，栽后20 d、50 d和80 d各滴施水溶肥(N:P2O5:K2O =8:12:35，腐植酸≥3%) 150 kg hm?2 (F2处理)为最优施肥处理。

关键词: 甘薯, 滴灌, 水溶肥, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) ratios on the yield and quality of table-use sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) under drip irrigation, field experiments were conducted using two cultivars, Jishu 26 and Yanshu 25, at two sites: Pingyin and Sishui. The study examined the impact of water-soluble fertilizers on storage root yield, starch content, and soluble sugar content. Four treatments were applied: (1) a control (CK) with a basal application of compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15) at 450 kg hm?2; (2) F1, a drip-applied water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=16:6:36) at 150 kg hm?2 applied at 20, 50, and 80 days after transplanting; (3) F2, a drip-applied water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=8:12:35) at 150 kg hm?2 applied at the same intervals; and (4) F3, a combination of 150 kg hm?2 of N:P2O5:K2O = 16:6:36 at 20 days after transplanting and 150 kg hm?2 of N:P2O5:K2O = 8:12:35 at 50 and 80 days. The results showed that all water-soluble fertilizer treatments significantly improved yield and marketable root rate compared to the control, with performance ranked as F2 > F3 > F1. For Jishu 26, yields increased by 10.04%, 28.60%, and 19.23% under F1, F2, and F3 at Pingyin, and by 10.88%, 29.55%, and 21.29% at Sishui, respectively. For Yanshu 25, yields increased by 7.62%, 27.79%, and 20.12% at Pingyin, and by 8.52%, 29.17%, and 19.90% at Sishui under the same treatments. In the middle and late stages of growth, F2 significantly reduced vine length, leaf number, and aboveground biomass, while significantly increasing the dry weight of storage roots. Additionally, F2 resulted in significantly lower starch content and significantly higher soluble sugar content compared to the other treatments. Therefore, under the given experimental conditions (soil available nitrogen content ≤ 80 mg kg?1) the F2 treatment—applying 150 kg hm?2 of water-soluble fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=8:12:35, humic acid content ≥ 3%) at 20, 50, and 80 days after transplanting—is recommended as the optimal fertilization strategy for table-use sweet potato production under drip irrigation.

Key words: sweet potato, drip irrigation, water-soluble fertilizers, yield, quality

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