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绿洲灌区玉米籽粒产量及品质对密植及间作豌豆的响应

闫尚龙，王琦明，柴强*，殷文，樊志龙，胡发龙，刘志鹏，韦金贵   

  1. 省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室 / 甘肃农业大学农学院，甘肃兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-12 修回日期:2025-03-26 接受日期:2025-03-26 网络出版日期:2025-04-07
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由甘肃省科技重大专项项目(24ZDNA008), 国家自然科学基金项目(U21A20218, 32372238)，财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-22-G-12)和甘肃省科技计划项目(22JR5RA839)资助。

Grain yield and quality of maize in response to dense density and intercropped peas in oasis irrigated areas

YAN Shang-Long,WANG QI-Ming,CHAI Qiang*,YIN Wen,FAN Zhi-Long,HU Fa-Long,LIU Zhi-Peng,WEI Jin-Gui   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science / College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2024-11-12 Revised:2025-03-26 Accepted:2025-03-26 Published online:2025-04-07
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Major Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province (24ZDNA008), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A20218, 32372238), the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-22-G-12), and the Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province (22JR5RA839).

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摘要：

针对绿洲灌区增密导致玉米籽粒品质下降问题，研究间作豌豆对不同密度玉米籽粒品质的影响，以期为构建高产高品质玉米种植模式提供理论和实践依据。2020—2021年，设裂区试验，主区为单作玉米(M)、玉米间作豌豆(M||P)；副区为玉米种植密度，单作分别为每公顷7.8万株 (M1，低密度)、10.35万株(M2，中密度)、12.9万株(M3，高密度)，对应低、中、高间作玉米密度分别为每公顷4.5万株(M1||P)、6万株(M2||P)、7.5万株(M3||P)。重点研究增密及间作豌豆对玉米产量和营养品质的影响。结果表明，增密显著提高玉米籽粒产量和生物产量；间作豌豆显著提高玉米的籽粒产量和生物产量，且间作能强化增密对籽粒产量和生物产量的正效应，间作中密度(M2||P)玉米籽粒产量和生物产量最高，分别较单作低密度提高了34.6%~36.6%和30%~39.3%。随着密度的增大，籽粒淀粉含量显著增加，蛋白质和脂肪含量显著降低，而营养成分总产量先增加后降低；间作豌豆显著增加籽粒营养成分含量和营养成分总产量，且能够强化增密对籽粒淀粉含量以及籽粒营养成分总产量的正效应，消减增密对籽粒蛋白质含量负效应，同时弱化高密度较中密度导致的籽粒营养成分总产量下降。增密显著降低玉米籽粒中苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸含量，显著增加色氨酸和赖氨酸含量；间作显著提高籽粒中苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸含量，且间作能够弱化增密对籽粒苯丙氨酸和亮氨酸含量的下降，以间作中密度处理效果最好。从综合表现来看，增密和间作均显著提高玉米的综合表现，间作豌豆且玉米密度为6万株 hm?2时综合表现最优(评分为0.47)。该模式可最大限度提升籽粒产量，同时有利于籽粒品质提升，是河西绿洲灌区提升玉米籽粒产量和品质的可行种植模式。

关键词: 增密, 玉米间作豌豆, 籽粒产量, 营养成分含量, 籽粒营养品质产量

Abstract:

To address the decline in maize grain quality caused by increased planting density in oasis irrigation areas, this study examines the effects of intercropping pea on maize grain quality under different planting densities, aiming to provide theoretical and practical guidance for optimizing high-yield, high-quality maize cultivation systems. A split-plot experiment was conducted from 2020 to 2021, with monocropped maize (M) and intercropped maize with pea (M||P) as the main plots, and different maize planting densities as subplots: for monocropping, 78,000 plants per hectare (M1, low density), 103,500 plants per hectare (M2, medium density), and 129,000 plants per hectare (M3, high density); for intercropping, 45,000 plants per hectare (M1||P, low density), 60,000 plants per hectare (M2||P, medium density), and 75,000 plants per hectare (M3||P, high density). The results showed that increasing planting density significantly improved maize grain yield and biological yield, while intercropping with pea further enhanced these effects. Among the intercropping treatments, medium-density maize (M2||P) achieved the highest grain and biological yields, increasing by 34.6%–36.6% and 30.0%–39.3%, respectively, compared to low-density monocropped maize. As planting density increased, starch content in maize grains significantly increased, whereas protein and fat contents significantly decreased, with the total yield of nutritional components first increasing and then declining. Intercropping with pea significantly improved maize grain nutritional content and total nutritional yield, enhanced the positive effect of higher planting density on grain starch content and total nutritional yield, mitigated the negative impact of increased density on protein content, and reduced the decline in total nutritional yield observed at high density compared to medium density. Higher planting density significantly reduced the content of phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, and valine in maize grains while significantly increasing tryptophan and lysine concentrations; intercropping significantly increased phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, and valine levels and alleviated the reduction in phenylalanine and leucine content caused by increased planting density, with the best effects observed under medium-density intercropping (M2||P). Overall, both increased planting density and intercropping significantly improved the comprehensive performance of maize, with the best overall performance achieved by intercropping pea and a maize planting density of 60,000 plants per hectare (M2||P), yielding a performance score of 0.47. This planting model maximizes grain yield while enhancing grain quality, making it a feasible and effective cultivation strategy for improving maize production in the Hexi Oasis irrigation area.

Key words: densification, maize intercropped with pea, seed yield, nutrient content, seed nutrient quality yield

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