作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (7): 1895-1905.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21052
所属专题: 小麦:耕作栽培·生理生化
张振1(
), 石玉1,*(
), 张永丽1, 于振文1, 王西芝2
ZHANG Zhen1(
), SHI Yu1,*(
), ZHANG Yong-Li1, YU Zhen-Wen1, WANG Xi-Zhi2
摘要:
为明确土壤含水量对小麦籽粒产量的影响及其形成的生理原因, 于2019—2021年小麦生长季在山东省兖州区小孟镇史家王子村小麦试验站进行试验, 选用冬小麦品种济麦22, 设置4种土壤含水量处理: 分别为全生育不灌水(W0), 于小麦拔节期和开花期将0~40 cm土层土壤相对含水量均补灌至65% (W1)、75% (W2)、85% (W3), 研究了土壤含水量对小麦耗水特性、旗叶与根系衰老特性和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明: W2处理的穗粒数和千粒重显著高于其他处理, 获得了最高的籽粒产量和水分利用效率, 相较于W0、W1、W3, 籽粒产量分别高48.49%、20.80%、8.68% (2019—2020)和46.87%、17.36%、7.53% (2020—2021), 水分利用效率分别高21.70%、14.25%、15.59% (2019—2020)和25.44%、11.90%、13.39% (2020—2021); W2处理开花后40~100 cm土层根长密度、40~60 cm土层根系超氧化物歧化酶活性和根系活力显著高于其他处理, 丙二醛含量显著低于其他处理; W2处理开花后旗叶超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于W0、W1处理, 与W3处理无显著差异, 丙二醛含量显著低于W0、W1处理, 与W3处理无显著差异; W2处理显著提高了开花期至成熟期阶段耗水量、日耗水量、耗水模系数和40~120 cm土层土壤贮水消耗量。由此可见, 适宜的土壤含水量能够促进根系下扎, 延缓植株衰老, 提高对深层土壤水分的吸收利用, 保证了籽粒灌浆期水分供应, 显著提高籽粒产量。在本试验条件下以小麦拔节期和开花期将0~40 cm土层土壤相对含水量均补灌至75%的W2处理效果最好。
| [1] |
Zhang M M, Dong B D, Qiao Y Z, Shi C H, Yang H, Wang Y K, Liu M Y. Yield and water use responses of winter wheat to irrigation and nitrogen application in the North China Plain. J Integr Agric, 2018, 17: 1194-1206.
doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61883-5 |
| [2] |
Xu E, Wang R, Zhang H Q, Yu Z X. Coupling index of water consumption and soil fertility correlated with winter wheat production in North China Region. Ecol Indic, 2019, 102: 154-165.
doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.02.045 |
| [3] |
Meena R P, Karnam V, Tripathi S C, Jha A, Sharma R K, Singh G P. Irrigation management strategies in wheat for efficient water use in the regions of depleting water resources. Agric Water Manag, 2019, 214: 38-46.
doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.01.001 |
| [4] |
Li J P, Wang Y Q, Zhang M, Liu Y, Xu X X, Lin G, Wang Z M, Yang Y M, Zhang Y H. Optimized micro-sprinkling irrigation scheduling improves grain yield by increasing the uptake and utilization of water and nitrogen during grain filling in winter wheat. Agric Water Manag, 2019, 211: 59-69.
doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.09.047 |
| [5] |
Si Z Y, Zain M, Mehmood F, Wang G S, Gao Y, Duan A W. Effects of nitrogen application rate and irrigation regime on growth, yield, and water-nitrogen use efficiency of drip-irrigated winter wheat in the North China Plain. Agric Water Manag, 2020, 231: 106002.
doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106002 |
| [6] |
Li J P, Zhang Z, Yao C S, Liu Y, Wang Z M, Fang B T, Zhang Y H. Improving winter wheat grain yield and water-/nitrogen-use efficiency by optimizing the micro-sprinkling irrigation amount and nitrogen application rate. J Integr Agric, 2021, 20: 606-621.
doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63407-4 |
| [7] | 潘晓莹, 武继承, 张森森, 杨永辉, 王越, 李敏杰, 高翠民, 何方. 分期施肥补灌对小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响. 水利与建筑工程学报, 2020, 18(4): 63-69. |
| Pan X Y, Wu J C, Zhang S S, Yang Y H, Wang Y, Li M J, Gao C M, He F. Effects of staged fertilization and supplementary irrigation on wheat yield and water use. J Water Resourc Architect Engin, 2020, 18(4): 63-69. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [8] | 杨明达, 马守臣, 杨慎骄, 张素瑜, 关小康, 李学梅, 王同朝, 李春喜. 氮肥后移对抽穗后水分胁迫下冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26: 3315-3321. |
| Yang M D, Ma S C, Yang S J, Zhang S Y, Guan X K, Li X M, Wang T C, Li C X. Effects of postponing nitrogen application on photosynthetic characteristic and grain yield of winter wheat subjected to water stress after heading stage. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2015, 26: 3315-3321. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [9] |
徐龙龙, 殷文, 胡发龙, 范虹, 樊志龙, 赵财, 于爱忠, 柴强. 水氮减量对地膜玉米免耕轮作小麦主要光合生理参数的影响. 作物学报, 2022, 48: 437-447.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.01093 |
|
Xu L L, Yin W, Hu F L, Fan H, Fan Z L, Zhao C, Yu A Z, Chai Q. Effect of water and nitrogen reduction on main photosynthetic physiological parameters of film-mulched maize no-tillage rotation wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2022, 48: 437-447. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.01093 |
|
| [10] |
郑云普, 常志杰, 韩怡, 卢云泽, 陈文娜, 田银帅, 殷嘉伟, 郝立华. 土壤水分亏缺和大气CO2浓度升高对冬小麦光合特性的影响. 作物学报, 2022, 48: 2920-2933.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11109 |
| Zheng Y P, Chang Z J, Han Y, Lu Y Z, Chen W N, Tian Y S, Yin J W, Hao L H. Effects of soil water deficit and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on leaf photosynthesis of winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2022, 48: 2920-2933. (in Chinese with English abstract) | |
| [11] |
韩占江, 于振文, 王东, 张永丽. 测墒补灌对冬小麦干物质积累与分配及水分利用效率的影响. 作物学报, 2010, 36: 457-465.
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.00457 |
|
Han Z J, Yu Z W, Wang D, Zhang Y L. Effects of supplemental irrigation based on testing soil moisture on dry matter accumulation and distribution and water use efficiency in winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36: 457-465 (in Chinese with English abstract).
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2010.00457 |
|
| [12] |
Xu X X, Zhang M, Li J P. Improving water use efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat by optimizing irrigation in the North China Plain. Field Crops Res, 2018, 221: 219-227.
doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2018.02.011 |
| [13] |
Li J, Xu X, Lin G, Wang Y. Micro-irrigation improves grain yield and resource use efficiency by co-locating the roots and N-fertilizer distribution of winter wheat in the North China Plain. Sci Total Environ, 2018, 643: 367-377.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.157 |
| [14] |
Li Y, Huang G H, Chen Z J, Xiong Y W, Huang Q Z, Xu X, Huo Z L. Effects of irrigation and fertilization on grain yield, water and nitrogen dynamics and their use efficiency of spring wheat farmland in an arid agricultural watershed of northwest China. Agric Water Manag, 2022, 260: 107277.
doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107277 |
| [15] |
Liu W X, Ma G, Wang C Y, Wang J R, Lu H F, Li S S, Feng W, Xie Y X, Ma D Y, Kang G Z. Irrigation and nitrogen regimes promote the use of soil water and nitrate nitrogen from deep soil layers by regulating root growth in wheat. Front Plant Sci, 2018, 9: 32.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00032 pmid: 29449850 |
| [16] |
Yan S C, Wu Y, Fan J L, Zhang F C, Qiang S C, Zheng J, Xiang Y Z, Guo J J, Zou H Y. Effects of water and fertilizer management on grain filling characteristics, grain weight and productivity of drip-fertigated winter wheat. Agric Water Manag, 2019, 213: 983-995.
doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.12.019 |
| [17] |
Lyu G, Kang Y, Li L, Wan S. Effect of irrigation methods on root development and profile soil water uptake in winter wheat. Irrigation Sci, 2010, 28, 387-398.
doi: 10.1007/s00271-009-0200-1 |
| [18] |
董伟欣, 韩立杰, 张月辰. 春季不同水肥处理对小麦形态、生理和产量的影响. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(2): 161-169.
doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190603 |
|
Dong W X, Han L J, Zhang Y C. Effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on the morphology, physiology and yield of wheat in Spring. Acta Agric Boreali-Sin, 2020, 35(2): 161-169. (in Chinese with English abstract)
doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190603 |
|
| [19] |
Wu Y, Wang H Z, Yang X W, Meng Z J, He D X. Soil water effect on root activity, root weight density, and grain yield in winter wheat. Crop Sci, 2017, 57: 437-443.
doi: 10.2135/cropsci2015.11.0704 |
| [20] | Ali S, Xu Y Y, Jia Q M, Ahmad I, Ma X C, Henchirl M, Ren X L, Zhang P, Cai T, Zhang J H, Jia Z K. Ridge-furrow mulched with plastic film improves the anti-oxidative defence system and photosynthesis in leaves of winter wheat under deficit irrigation. PLoS One, 2018, 13: 0200277. |
| [21] |
Ahmed N, Zhang Y S, Li K, Zhou Y Y, Zhang M C, Li Z H. Exogenous application of glycine betaine improved water use efficiency in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) via modulating photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidative capacity under conventional and limited irrigation conditions. Crop J, 2019, 7: 635-650
doi: 10.1016/j.cj.2019.03.004 |
| [22] |
Xu X, Zhang M, Li J, Liu Z, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Wang Z. Improving water use efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat by optimizing irrigation in the North China Plain. Field Crops Res, 2018, 221: 219-227.
doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2018.02.011 |
| [23] |
Xu C L, Tao H B, Tian B J, Gao Y B, Ren J H, Wang P. Limited-irrigation improves water use efficiency and soil reservoir capacity through regulating root and canopy growth of winter wheat. Field Crops Res, 2016, 196: 268-275.
doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.07.009 |
| [24] |
Jha S K, Gao Y, Liu H, Huang Z D, Wang G S, Liang Y P, Duan A W. Root development and water uptake in winter wheat under different irrigation methods and scheduling for North China. Agric Water Manag, 2017, 182: 139-150.
doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2016.12.015 |
| [1] | 毛嘉琦, 黄朋雨, 赵佳佳, 郑兴卫, 武棒棒, 郝宇琼, 屈非, 刘成, 马朋涛, 郑军. 山西小麦品种白粉病抗性评价及抗病基因分子检测[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1669-1681. |
| [2] | 胡川, 赵凯男, 黄修利, 吴金芝, 任开明, 王贺正, 付国占, 黄明, 李友军. 一次灌溉下耕作方式和氮肥用量对旱地小麦产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1830-1846. |
| [3] | 陈雪燕, 何华川, 李政嘉, 董新盼, 李藕琪, 刘小云, 李丹萍, 陈志伟, 刘国霞, 吕胜源, 吴印莹, 赵振东, 曹新有, 万何平. 水培盐碱复合胁迫下‘济麦60’苗期根系有机酸分泌动态变化及其转录调控机制[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1859-1875. |
| [4] | 高沛阳, 李瑾璇, 董宇奎, 石玉, 张振, 张永丽. 测墒补灌下小麦分蘖发生和成穗对施氮量的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1847-1858. |
| [5] | 张献丰, 郭利建, 李康春, 孔斌雪, 刘玉芳, 车卓, 杨德龙. 小麦ABHD6基因家族鉴定与粒重功能标记开发[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1711-1727. |
| [6] | 翟胜男, 曹新有, 李豪圣, 李吉虎, 李法计, 刘金栋, 夏先春, 吕莹莹, 马瑞峰, 王颖, 耿洪伟, 刘建军. 小麦Pod-A1、Pod-D1和Pod-2D位点等位变异对籽粒过氧化物酶活性的遗传效应分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1593-1603. |
| [7] | 习千辉, 徐梓瑗, 刘梦梦, 王宏艺, 郎凯琳, 井震海, 陈锋, 赵磊. 小麦籽粒铜含量的全基因组关联分析及候选基因预测[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(6): 1604-1617. |
| [8] | 王壮壮, 武紫君, 张永新, 张芯源, 袁丽雪, 陈如雪, 刘世举, 段剑钊, 冯伟, 王同朝, 王永华. 豫东南黏壤潮土区水氮优化协同提高冬小麦产量和氮素利用效率[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1501-1521. |
| [9] | 何万龙, 耿洪伟, 张飞飞, 米克热阿依·阿巴白克热, 罗紫洋, 李鹏程, 周钊宇, 程宇坤. 基于深度学习的小麦重要病害图像识别系统的研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1401-1417. |
| [10] | 张振, 冯连杰, 石玉, 于振文, 张永丽. 节水补灌下不同穗型小麦产量形成差异研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(5): 1522-1535. |
| [11] | 侯思宇, 王国璀, 韦金贵, 谢玮欣, 殷文, 樊志龙, 柴强, 胡发龙. 绿肥配施化学氮肥对西北干旱灌区小麦干物质积累及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1208-1219. |
| [12] | 尚云秋, 赵竹, 陈欢, 丁永刚, 乔玉强, 李玮, 张向前, 曹承富, 杜世州. 长期定位耕作方式对雨养小麦籽粒灌浆和产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1236-1250. |
| [13] | 乔宇馨, 李程越, 康晓玉, 张鑫琪, 贾绍辉, 刘倩, 曹亚丽, 史鑫蕊, 郝兴宇, 李萍. 基于APSIM模型的长期免耕秸秆覆盖对旱地小麦增产效应研究[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(4): 1181-1192. |
| [14] | 李灿, 张喜伟, 朱博涛, 张沛沛. 小麦GSK激酶TaSK41的功能分析及互作蛋白的筛选[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(3): 677-687. |
| [15] | 侯洁, 付朵朵, 武海峰, 郝宇琼, 郑兴卫, 武棒棒, 周凯, 李晓华, 郑军, 赵佳佳. 山西省小麦地方品种的染色体多样性及遗传效应分析[J]. 作物学报, 2026, 52(3): 746-763. |
|
||