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作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (8): 2210-2224.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21057

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

外源海藻糖对灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦旗叶生理特性和产量的影响

李宇星(), 马亮亮, 张月, 秦博雅, 张文静, 马尚宇, 黄正来(), 樊永惠()   

  1. 安徽农业大学农学院 / 农业农村部黄淮南部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 安徽 合肥 230036
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-28 接受日期:2023-02-10 出版日期:2023-08-12 网络出版日期:2023-02-27
  • 通讯作者: 黄正来,樊永惠
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 18702289708@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省科技重大专项(202003a06020014);安徽省自然科学基金项目(2008085QC118);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U19A2021);安徽农业大学稳定和引进人才科研项目(YJ2018-38);安徽农业大学青年基金重点项目(03087060)

Effects of exogenous trehalose on physiological characteristics and yield of wheat flag leaves under high temperature stress at grain filling stage

LI Yu-Xing(), MA Liang-Liang, ZHANG Yue, QIN Bo-Ya, ZHANG Wen-Jing, MA Shang-Yu, HUANG Zheng-Lai(), FAN Yong-Hui()   

  1. College of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Breeding in the South of Huanghe-Huaihe Rivers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
  • Received:2022-08-28 Accepted:2023-02-10 Published:2023-08-12 Published online:2023-02-27
  • Contact: HUANG Zheng-Lai,FAN Yong-Hui
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Major Science and Technology Projects of Anhui Province(202003a06020014);Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2008085QC118);Joint Fund Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U19A2021);Scientific Research Project for Stabilizing and Introducing Talents of Anhui Agricultural University(YJ2018-38);Key Project of the Youth Fund of Anhui Agricultural University(03087060)

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摘要：

为探究外源海藻糖(TRE)对高温胁迫下灌浆期不同耐性小麦品种旗叶生理特性和产量的影响作用, 于2020—2022年在安徽农业大学高新技术农业园进行试验, 选用前期筛选得的耐热性差异显著的敏感型小麦品种泛麦5号(Fanmai 5, FM5)和耐热型小麦品种淮麦33 (Huaimai 33, HM33)作为试验材料, 设置叶面喷施清水+不高温(CK1)、清水+灌浆期高温胁迫(CK2)、10 mmol L-1海藻糖+灌浆期高温胁迫(T10H)、15 mmol L-1海藻糖+灌浆期高温胁迫(T15H)和20 mmol L-1海藻糖+灌浆期高温胁迫(T20H)共5个处理。结果表明, 在高温胁迫条件下, 绿叶面积、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)和干物质积累量均显著下降, 与非高温逆境相比, 高温胁迫下小麦产量显著下降, 穗数和穗粒数无显著变化, 千粒重是减产的主导因素。与喷清水相比, 喷施海藻糖后产量较高温胁迫处理有所提升, 各器官干物质积累量提高, 丙二醛(MDA)含量降低, 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性提高, 变化幅度在品种间存在差异, 耐热品种的SPAD值降幅与丙二醛的增幅较小, 但CAT活性的增幅较大, 因而减产幅度较小。进一步的分析表明, 净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、SPAD、SOD及POD和千粒重呈极显著正相关关系, MDA和产量呈极显著负相关关系。这些结果表明高温胁迫通过降低Pn、Gs和Tr抑制小麦的光合作用, 减少光合产物的生成, 造成最终的减产。喷施TRE, Pn、Gs、Tr、SPAD和CAT是降低高温胁迫伤害的主要指标, 敏感品种缓解效果明显。此外, 开花期喷施浓度15 mmol L-1海藻糖效果最好。该研究结果可为海藻糖对灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦光合响应差异机制和小麦抗氧化代谢提供理论依据。

关键词: 小麦, 高温胁迫, 海藻糖, 旗叶, 产量

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effect of exogenous trehalose (TRE) on the physiological characteristics and yield of flag leaves of wheat varieties with different tolerance under high temperature stress during grain filling period, the experiments were conducted in the high-tech agricultural park of Anhui Agricultural University from 2020 to 2022. The sensitive wheat varieties Fanmai 5 (FM5) and heat-resistant wheat varieties Huaimai 33 (HM33) with significant difference in heat resistance were selected as the experimental materials, there were five treatments of spraying water + non high temperature (CK1), water + high temperature stress (CK2), 10 mmol L-1 trehalose + high temperature stress (T10H), 15 mmol L-1 trehalose + high temperature stress (T15H), and 20 mmol L-1 trehalose + high temperature stress (T20H) on the leaf surface. The results showed that under high temperature stress conditions, compared to non-high temperature adversity, the green leaf area, chlorophyll relative content (SPAD), and dry matter accumulation were significantly decreased, wheat yield was significantly reduced, spike number, and spike grain number did not change significantly, and 1000-grain weight was the dominant factor in yield reduction. Compared to water spraying, the yield after spraying trehalose was higher than that under high temperature stress, the accumulation of dry matter in various organs was increased, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were increased, and the range of change was different among varieties. The decrease of SPAD value of heat-resistant varieties was smaller than that of malondialdehyde, but the increase of CAT activity was larger, indicating the production reduction was small. Further analysis showed that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), SPAD, SOD, and POD had an extremely significant positive correlation with 1000-grain weight, while MDA had an extremely significant negative correlation with yield. These results suggested that high temperature stress inhibited photosynthesis in wheat by reducing Pn, Gs, and Tr, decreasing photosynthetic product production and causing eventual yield reduction. Spraying TRE, Pn, Gs, Tr, SPAD, and CAT were the main indicators to reduce the injury caused by high temperature stress, and the mitigation effect of sensitive varieties was obvious. In addition, the effect of spraying 15 mmol L-1 trehalose at flowering stage was the best. The results could provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism of wheat photosynthetic response difference and wheat antioxidant metabolism under high temperature stress during trehalose filling stage.

Key words: wheat, high temperature stress, trehalose, flag leaf, yield

表1

播种前试验田0~20 cm土壤养分含量"

年度
Year		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 有效磷
Available phosphorous
(mg kg-1)		 碱解氮
Alkali hydrolyzed
nitrogen (mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Rapidly available potassium (mg kg-1)
2020-2021 0.89 14.21 21.51 77.15 238.11
2021-2022 1.03 13.07 18.25 64.41 203.51

图1

2021-2022试验期间试验地棚内/棚外平均温度(A, B)和棚内/棚外温度变化动态图(C, D)"

图2

外源海藻糖对灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦产量及其构成因素的影响 CK1: 叶面喷等量清水+不高温; CK2: 喷等量清水+高温; T10H: 喷10 mmol L-1海藻糖+灌浆期高温胁迫; T15H: 喷15 mmol L-1海藻糖+灌浆期高温胁迫; T20H: 喷20 mmol L-1海藻糖+灌浆期高温胁迫。不同小写字母代表同一时期不同处理间达到显著水平(P < 0.05)。FM5: 泛麦5号; HM33: 淮麦33。"

表2

外源海藻糖对灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦产量和产量构成因素的方差分析"

变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
Degrees of freedom		 产量
Yield		 穗粒数
Kernels per ear		 千粒重
1000-kernel weight		 穗数
Harvest ear number
年份 Year (Y) 1 ** ** ns ns
品种 Hybrid (H) 1 ** ** ** ns
处理 Treatment (T) 4 ** ns ** ns
Y×H 1 ** ** ns ns
Y×T 4 ** ns ns ns
H×T 4 ** ns ** ns

表3

2021年外源海藻糖对灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦成熟期干物质积累量的影响"

品种
Hybrid		 处理
Treatment		 旗叶
Flag leaf		 余叶
Remaining leaf		 茎
Stem		 穗
Spike
HM33 CK1 0.48±0.01 a 1.55±0.05 a 8.03±0.10 a 19.15±0.37 a
CK2 0.44±0.02 a 1.22±0.02 d 6.71±0.07 d 13.21±0.14 e
T10H 0.45±0.01 a 1.35±0.01 bc 7.20±0.14 bc 15.78±0.29 c
T15H 0.46±0.01 a 1.44±0.04 b 7.51±0.13 b 16.89±0.44 b
T20H 0.45±0.01 a 1.29±0.01 cd 7.04±0.06 cd 14.51±0.09 d
FM5 CK1 0.42±0.01 a 1.05±0.02 a 7.01±0.24 ab 14.92±0.32 a
CK2 0.37±0.01 a 0.72±0.01 d 5.11±0.27 c 11.95±0.12 c
T10H 0.31±0.03 b 0.89±0.01 c 7.27±0.10 ab 12.39±0.08 bc
T15H 0.41±0.01 a 0.99±0.02 b 6.45±0.27 b 13.12±0.30 b
T20H 0.38±0.01 a 0.85±0.02 c 7.41±0.31 a 12.14±0.16 c

表4

2022年外源海藻糖对灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦成熟期干物质积累量的影响"

品种
Hybrid		 处理
Treatment		 旗叶
Flag leaf		 倒二叶
Inverted second leaf		 倒三叶
Inverted
clover		 余叶
Remaining leaves		 倒一节
Backward
section		 余节
Residual stem		 穗
Spike
HM33 CK1 0.45±0.01 ab 0.56±0.01 ab 0.52±0.01 a 0.49±0.01 a 2.68±0.08 a 5.15±0.18 a 17.90±0.63 a
CK2 0.45±0.00 ab 0.54±0.01 b 0.45±0.02 b 0.23±0.01 c 2.42±0.03 b 4.73±0.13 ab 13.05±0.25 b
T10H 0.47±0.01 a 0.58±0.02 a 0.55±0.01 a 0.27±0.02 c 2.66±0.02 a 4.24±0.24 bc 16.56±0.51 a
T15H 0.47±0.01 a 0.48±0.02 c 0.52±0.01 a 0.36±0.01 b 2.66±0.07 a 4.62±0.22 abc 16.93±0.75 a
T20H 0.43±0.00 b 0.44±0.00 c 0.54±0.01 a 0.35±0.02 b 2.42±0.01 b 4.10±0.11 c 14.57±0.15 b
FM5 CK1 0.40±0.00 a 0.45±0.05 ab 0.31±0.01 a 0.21±0.01 a 2.34±0.08 a 5.48±0.42 a 14.10±0.55 a
CK2 0.35±0.02 a 0.46±0.01 a 0.20±0.01 b 0.02±0.00 c 2.03±0.05 b 4.06±0.46 a 11.67±0.20 b
T10H 0.39±0.05 a 0.38±0.00 bc 0.32±0.01 a 0.24±0.02 a 2.23±0.14 ab 4.81±0.17 a 11.77±0.14 b
T15H 0.43±0.02 a 0.45±0.01 ab 0.33±0.02 a 0.13±0.01 b 2.21±0.01 ab 4.53±0.39 a 12.65±0.52 b
T20H 0.39±0.02 a 0.34±0.01 c 0.30±0.06 a 0.11±0.01 b 2.02±0.12 b 4.77±0.48 a 11.74±0.28 b

表5

2021年外源海藻糖对灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦各器官干物质积累量变化率的影响"

品种
Hybrid		 处理
Treatment		 全株总叶片
Total leaves of the whole plant		 旗叶
Flag leaf		 余叶
Remaining leaf		 茎
Stem		 穗
Spike
HM33 CK2 -18.04±2.86 a -7.84±2.07 a -21.12±3.35 a -16.45±1.43 a -19.84±2.36 a
T10H -11.13±1.88 bc -5.53±2.84 a -12.71±3.08 b -10.33±2.87 bc -16.94±1.20 a
T15H -6.43±1.74 c -4.12±3.78 a -7.05±1.68 c -6.58±0.98 c -11.91±3.67 b
T20H -14.67±1.87 ab -6.43±4.22 a -17.07±2.67 ab -12.38±1.60 ab -18.59±1.48 a
FM5 CK2 -26.02±1.15 a -17.57±4.80 a -31.23±1.41 a -27.19±1.32 a -31.00±0.99 a
T10H -18.53±1.56 b -12.80±3.25 ab -14.97±2.06 b -6.01±6.48 b -24.18±1.32 b
T15H -5.02±1.44 c -2.92±5.50 b -5.68±2.65 c -4.02±4.45 b -11.85±0.64 d
T20H -16.15±1.61 b -9.21±5.56 b -18.72±3.20 b -7.53±6.88 b -17.59±1.62 c

表6

2022年外源海藻糖对灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦各器官干物质积累量变化率的影响"

品种
Hybrid		 处理
Treatment		 全株总叶片
Total leaves of the whole plant		 上三叶
Upper clover		 旗叶
Flag leaf		 倒二叶
Inverted second leaf		 倒三叶
Inverted clover		 余叶
Remaining leaves		 茎
Stem		 倒一节
Backward section		 余节
Residual stem		 穗
Spike
HM33 CK2 ‒17.43±0.63 a ‒6.07±0.27 a ‒7.29±1.39 a ‒21.71±9.14 a ‒13.46±1.81 a ‒23.10±2.31 a ‒16.76±1.23 a ‒9.58±2.53 a ‒8.03±4.84 a ‒16.90±4.27 a
T10H ‒7.51±1.44 c ‒4.65±2.10 a ‒4.97±1.07 a ‒4.31±0.01 b ‒4.24±3.70 b ‒15.77±2.21 b ‒8.69±3.19 ab ‒0.77±0.26 b ‒17.87±3.21 a ‒16.33±2.81 a
T15H ‒9.75±0.86 bc ‒4.24±1.31 a ‒3.30±3.34 b ‒3.86±3.35 b ‒2.78±0.40 b ‒6.99±1.81 c ‒7.05±2.10 b ‒0.51±2.77 b ‒10.33±3.21 a ‒9.84±6.30 a
T20H ‒13.11±1.46 b ‒7.91±1.64 a ‒4.15±1.86 ab ‒14.82±3.18 ab ‒5.19±2.63 b ‒19.36±4.55 ab ‒12.01±2.11 ab ‒9.48±2.82 a ‒20.37±1.48 a ‒16.63±2.16 a
FM5 CK2 ‒24.40±0.54 a ‒12.85±1.59 a ‒14.85±5.11 a ‒22.03±1.95 a ‒16.09±4.89 a ‒28.27±1.36 a ‒22.31±2.44 a ‒13.95±3.18 a ‒26.33±3.06 a ‒26.99±2.21 a
T10H ‒13.28±3.72 bc ‒6.55±2.68 a ‒4.10±5.00 b ‒4.64±9.18 c ‒3.99±1.79 b ‒15.06±5.53 b ‒12.38±9.59 a ‒5.38±2.88 b ‒10.95±9.78 a ‒17.17±5.38 a
T15H ‒6.18±2.18 c ‒5.36±7.45 a ‒3.92±2.42 b ‒3.59±11.27 c ‒2.10±2.53 b ‒6.65±6.17 c ‒9.47±6.66 a ‒5.02±2.95 b ‒10.91±15.25 a ‒5.26±4.99 b
T20H ‒16.19±2.73 ab ‒11.01±3.08 ab ‒5.48±6.57 b ‒13.93±8.23 b ‒9.25±3.07 a ‒15.65±10.31 b ‒13.60±4.57 a ‒13.10±2.55 a ‒17.20±5.31 a ‒18.38±3.22 a

图3

外源海藻糖对灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦旗叶绿叶面积(A, B)和叶绿素相对含量(C, D)的影响 处理同图2。不同小写字母代表同一时期不同处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。FM5: 泛麦5号; HM33: 淮麦33。"

图4

外源海藻糖对灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦旗叶净光合速率(A, B)、气孔导度(C, D)和蒸腾速率(E, F)的影响 处理同图2。不同小写字母代表同一时期不同处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。FM5: 泛麦5号; HM33: 淮麦33。"

表7

外源海藻糖对灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦光合参数的方差分析"

变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
Degrees of freedom		 净光合速率
Net photosynthetic rate		 气孔导度
Stomatal
conductance		 蒸腾速率
Transpiration
rate		 绿叶面积
Green leaf area		 叶绿素相对含量
Relative chlorophyll content
花后天数
Days after anthesis (D)		 1 ** ** ** ** **
品种Hybrid (H) 1 ** ns ** ** **
处理Treatment (T) 4 ** ** ** ** **
D×H 1 ** * ** ** **
D×T 4 * ns ** ** **
H×T 4 ns ns ns * ns
D×H×T 4 ns ns ns ** ns

图5

外源海藻糖对灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦旗叶丙二醛含量的影响 处理同图2。不同小写字母代表同一时期不同处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。FM5: 泛麦5号; HM33: 淮麦33。"

图6

外源海藻糖对灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦旗叶SOD (A, B)和POD (C, D)和CAT (E, F)活性的影响 处理同图2。不同小写字母代表同一时期不同处理间在0.05概率水平差异显著。FM5: 泛麦5号; HM33: 淮麦33。"

表8

产量及其构成因素和光合参数与抗氧化特性因子的相关性分析"

生理指标
Physiological index		 产量
Yield		 穗粒数
Kernels per ear		 千粒重
1000-kernel weight		 穗数
Harvest ear number
净光合速率(Pn) 0.75** 0.18 0.91** -0.44
气孔导度(Gs) 0.82** 0.25 0.97** -0.51
蒸腾速率(Tr) 0.93** 0.47 0.92** -0.61
绿叶面积 Green leaf area 0.11* -0.56 0.69* 0.19
叶绿素相对含量(SPAD) SPAD value 0.93** 0.44 0.94** -0.64
丙二醛(MDA)含量MDA content -1.00** -0.70 -0.79** 0.77
超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性 SOD activity 0.89** 0.34 0.97** -0.55
过氧化物酶(POD)活性 POD activity 0.82** 0.23 0.97** -0.43
过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性 CAT activity 0.99** 0.76 0.73* -0.74
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