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作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (9): 2528-2538.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24243

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

乙矮合剂对粒用高粱根系建构和产量的影响

房孟颖1(), 任粱1,2, 卢霖1, 董学瑞1, 武志海2, 闫鹏1,*(), 董志强1,*()   

  1. 1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室, 北京 100081
    2吉林农业大学, 吉林长春 130118
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-28 接受日期:2023-02-10 出版日期:2023-09-12 网络出版日期:2023-02-23
  • 通讯作者: *闫鹏, E-mail: yanpeng01@caas.cn; 董志强, E-mail: dongzhiqiang@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:房孟颖, E-mail: fangmengying166@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000801);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1001703)

Effect of ethylene-chlormequat-potassium on root morphological structure and grain yield in sorghum

FANG Meng-Ying1(), REN Liang1,2, LU Lin1, DONG Xue-Rui1, WU Zhi-Hai2, YAN Peng1,*(), DONG Zhi-Qiang1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
  • Received:2022-10-28 Accepted:2023-02-10 Published:2023-09-12 Published online:2023-02-23
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD1000801);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFD1001703)

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摘要：

塑造良好的根系结构是发挥高粱高产潜力, 提高粒用高粱产量亟待解决的关键问题。为研究乙矮合剂(ECK)对高粱根系形态建构和产量的调控效用及其作用机制, 2020—2021年设置田间试验, 以中高秆型高粱品种辽杂19 (Liaoza 19, LZ19)和矮秆型品种辽杂37 (Liaoza 37, LZ37)为试验材料, 采用随机区组试验设计, 设置高粱五叶期叶面喷施0.75 L hm-2的ECK处理, 对照喷施等量清水(CK)。结果表明, 高粱根系干重从开花期后呈逐渐下降趋势, 乙矮合剂(ECK)显著增加LZ19和LZ37灌浆期和成熟期根系干重, 根系干重分别较CK增加11.4%和19.7%、10.6%和9.9%。在灌浆期, ECK提高LZ19在灌浆期的细根和中根(根系直径<4 mm)根长和根表面积以及LZ37不同直径下的根长、根表面积和根体积; 在成熟期, ECK提高LZ19的根长、根表面积、根体积和根系平均直径以及LZ37的根长、根表面积和根体积, 并且2个品种的上述根系形态指标中粗根(根直径≥4 mm)的增幅最大。相比CK, ECK处理下2020年和2021年LZ19增产3.3%和13.4%; LZ37增产11.4%和9.8%。综上, ECK处理促进了高粱根系发育、延缓了根系衰老并显著提高了高粱单产, 可作为夏播区粒用高粱促根增产的重要栽培措施。

关键词: 高粱, 乙矮合剂, 根系, 产量

Abstract:

Shaping good root structure is the key problem to play the high yield potential of sorghum and increase the yield of grain sorghum. To investigate the effect of ethylene-chlormequat-potassium (ECK) on sorghum root morphology and yield, field trials were conducted in 2020 and 2021 using the medium to tall sorghum variety Liaoza 19 (LZ19) and the dwarf variety Liaoza 37 (LZ37). A randomized zonal experimental design was used to set up the ECK treatment with a foliar spray of 0.75 L hm-2 at the five-leaf stage of sorghum and a control spray with an equal amount of clean water (CK). The results showed that compared with CK, sorghum root dry weight showed a gradual decrease from the flowering stage. ECK significantly increased root dry weight of LZ19 and LZ37 at filling and maturity stages by 11.4% and 19.7%, 10.6% and 9.9%, respectively. ECK increased root length and root surface area of fine and medium roots (root system diameter < 4 mm) of LZ19 and root length, root surface area, and root volume of LZ37 at different diameters at grain filling stage. At maturity stage, ECK increased root length, root surface area, root volume, and root mean diameter of LZ19 and that of LZ37, and the increase of system morphological indexes was the largest in the two varieties. ECK treatment increased the yield of LZ19 by 3.3% and 13.4%, and LZ37 by 11.4% and 9.8% in 2020 and 2021, respectively, compared with CK. In conclusion, ECK treatment promoted sorghum root development and significantly increased sorghum yields, which can be used as an important cultivation measure for sorghum root promotion and yield increase in summer sown areas.

Key words: sorghum, ethylene-chlormequat-potassium, root, grain yield

图1

2020年和2021年高粱生育期内日均温和日降水量"

图2

乙矮合剂对辽杂19和辽杂37成熟期根系影响 CK: 对照; ECK: 乙矮合剂。"

图3

乙矮合剂对辽杂19和辽杂37开花期、灌浆期和成熟期根系干重的影响 CK: 对照; ECK: 乙矮合剂; LZ37: 辽杂37; LZ19: 辽杂19。ns表示在0.05概率水平差异不显著; *、**分别表示在0.05和0.01概率水平差异显著。"

表1

乙矮合剂对高粱开花期根系形态的影响"

品种
Variety name		 处理
Treatment		 根长
Root length (cm)		 根表面积
Total surface area (cm2)		 根体积
Root volume (cm3)		 根系直径
Root diameter (mm)
辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 3560.1 a 932.2 a 21.5 a 0.80 a
ECK 3239.8 a 877.2 a 21.6 a 0.85 a
均值Average value 3399.9 B 904.7 A 21.6 A 0.83 B
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 4262.9 a 1046.9 a 22.7 a 0.73 a
ECK 4243.6 a 1015.8 a 21.2 a 0.72 a
均值Average value 4253.2 A 1031.4 A 21.9 A 0.73 A

表2

乙矮合剂对高粱灌浆期根系形态的影响"

品种
Variety name		 处理
Treatment		 根长
Root length (cm)		 根表面积
Total surface area (cm2)		 根体积
Root volume (cm3)		 根系直径
Root diameter (mm)
辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 2422.8 a 710.9 a 18.9 a 0.86 a
ECK 2654.5 a 732.7 a 18.2 a 0.83 a
均值Average value 2538.6 B 721.8 B 18.6 A 0.84 B
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 3078.2 b 775.5 b 16.9 b 0.75 a
ECK 4587.2 a 1169.7 a 26.2 a 0.77 a
均值Average value 3832.7 A 972.6 A 21.5 A 0.76 A

表3

乙矮合剂对高粱成熟期根系形态的影响"

品种
Variety name		 处理
Treatment		 根长
Root length (cm)		 根表面积
Total surface area (cm2)		 根体积
Root volume (cm3)		 根系直径
Root diameter (mm)
辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 2188.0 b 563.6 b 12.7 b 0.73 b
ECK 2693.0 a 792.6 a 20.5 a 0.89 a
均值Average value 2440.5 B 678.1 B 16.6 B 0.81 A
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 3621.7 b 972.3 b 22.3 b 0.80 a
ECK 4439.8 a 1232.2 a 29.1 a 0.84 a
均值Average value 4030.8 A 1102.3 A 25.7 A 0.82 A

表4

乙矮合剂对高粱开花期不同直径根系生长参数的影响"

根系形态
Root morphology index		 品种
Variety name		 处理
Treatment		 根系直径Root diameter (mm)
0<D≤0.5 0.5<D≤4 D>4
根长
Root length
(cm plant-1)		 辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 2379.3 a 997.7 a 181.8 a
ECK 2146.0 a 914.0 a 178.6 a
均值 Average value 2262.6 B 955.9 A 180.2 A
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 3058.8 a 981.2 a 220.9 a
ECK 3054.7 a 985.3 a 201.8 a
均值 Average value 3056.8 A 983.2 A 211.4 A
根表面积
Total surface area
(cm2 plant-1)		 辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 92.0 a 516.5 a 283.2 a
ECK 82.5 a 470.3 a 286.7 a
均值 Average value 87.2 B 493.4 A 284.9 A
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 111.3 a 541.2 a 347.1 a
ECK 114.7 a 551.6 a 304.7 a
均值 Average value 113.0 A 546.4 A 325.9 A
根体积
Root volume
(cm3 plant-1)		 辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 0.5 a 29.2 a 35.9 a
ECK 0.4 a 26.3 a 37.9 a
均值 Average value 0.5 B 27.7 A 36.9 A
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 0.6 a 32.2 a 44.5 a
ECK 0.6 a 33.4 a 37.3 a
均值 Average value 0.6 A 32.8 A 40.9 A

表5

乙矮合剂对高粱灌浆期不同直径根系生长参数的影响"

根系形态
Root morphology index		 品种
Variety name		 处理
Treatment		 根系直径Root diameter (mm)
0<D≤0.5 0.5<D≤4 D>4
根长
Root length
(cm plant-1)		 辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 1527.1 a 754.8 a 140.3 a
ECK 1700.9 a 825.0 a 127.8 a
均值 Average value 1614.0 B 789.9 B 134.1 A
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 2072.7 b 873.3 b 131.1 b
ECK 3176.8 a 1168.0 a 240.4 a
均值 Average value 2624.8 A 1020.6 A 185.8 A
根表面积
Total surface area
(cm2 plant-1)		 辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 59.1 a 376.2 a 238.6 a
ECK 64.1 a 429.0 a 201.6 a
均值 Average value 61.6 B 402.6 B 220.1 A
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 78.9 b 455.1 b 206.0 b
ECK 117.0 a 628.9 a 372.3 a
均值 Average value 97.9 A 542.0 A 289.1 A
根体积
Root volume
(cm3 plant-1)		 辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 0.3 a 20.7 a 33.7 a
ECK 0.3 a 24.1 a 26.3 a
均值 Average value 0.3 B 22.4 B 30.0 A
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 0.5 b 25.7 b 26.5 b
ECK 0.6 a 36.7 a 47.0 a
均值 Average value 0.5 A 31.2 A 36.7 A

表6

乙矮合剂对高粱成熟期不同直径根系生长参数的影响"

根系形态
Root morphology index		 品种
Variety name		 处理
Treatment		 根系直径Root diameter (mm)
0<D≤0.5 0.5<D≤4 D>4
根长
Root length
(cm plant-1)		 辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 1416.6 b 676.9 b 93.9 b
ECK 1643.4 a 902.0 a 146.8 a
均值 Average value 1530.0 B 789.4 B 120.3 B
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 2398.8 b 1037.1 a 184.5 b
ECK 3008.4 a 1160.1 a 269.2 a
均值 Average value 2703.6 A 1098.6 A 226.9 A
根表面积
Total surface area
(cm2 plant-1)		 辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 54.8 b 337.7 b 147.2 b
ECK 65.7 a 469.0 a 223.3 a
均值 Average value 60.3 B 403.3 B 185.3 B
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 90.1 b 544.3 a 291.5 b
ECK 113.3 a 626.4 a 434.0 a
均值 Average value 101.7 A 585.4 A 362.8 A
根体积
Root volume
(cm3 plant-1)		 辽杂19
Liaoza 19		 CK 0.3 a 18.6 b 18.9 b
ECK 0.4 a 26.5 a 27.7 a
均值 Average value 0.3 B 22.5 B 23.3 B
辽杂37
Liaoza 37		 CK 0.5 b 31.3 a 37.8 b
ECK 0.6 a 36.7 a 57.9 a
均值 Average value 0.5 A 34.0 A 47.9 A

图4

乙矮合剂对LZ19和LZ37产量的影响 CK: 对照; ECK: 乙矮合剂; LZ37: 辽杂37; LZ19: 辽杂19。ns表示在0.05概率水平差异不显著; *、**和***分别表示在0.05、0.01和0.001概率水平差异显著。"

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