我国主要麦区小麦籽粒锰含量: 品种与土壤因素的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21042

作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (7): 1906-1918.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21042

我国主要麦区小麦籽粒锰含量: 品种与土壤因素的影响

张露露¹(), 张学美¹, 牟文燕¹, 黄宁¹, 郭子糠¹, 罗一诺¹, 魏蕾¹, 孙利谦¹, 王星舒¹, 石美¹^,^*(), 王朝辉¹^,²^,^*()

¹西北农林科技大学资源环境学院 / 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
²西北农林科技大学 / 旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2022-06-14 接受日期:2022-11-25 出版日期:2023-07-12 网络出版日期:2022-12-26
通讯作者: *石美, E-mail: meishi@nwafu.edu.cn; 王朝辉, E-mail: w-zhaohui@263.net
作者简介:E-mail: zhanglulusun@163.com
基金资助:
本研究由财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900700);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200400)

Grain Mn concentration of wheat in main wheat production regions of China: Effects of cultivars and soil factors

ZHANG Lu-Lu¹(), ZHANG Xue-Mei¹, MU Wen-Yan¹, HUANG Ning¹, GUO Zi-Kang¹, LUO Yi-Nuo¹, WEI Lei¹, SUN Li-Qian¹, WANG Xing-Shu¹, SHI Mei¹^,^*(), WANG Zhao-Hui¹^,²^,^*()

¹College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University / Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
²Northwest A&F University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

Received:2022-06-14 Accepted:2022-11-25 Published:2023-07-12 Published online:2022-12-26
Contact: *E-mail: meishi@nwafu.edu.cn; E-mail: w-zhaohui@263.net
Supported by:
The China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-3);The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1900700);The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0200400)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确影响小麦锰营养的品种和土壤因素, 优化小麦锰营养, 实现小麦丰产优质生产提供理论依据, 于2016—2020年西北旱作小麦区(旱作区)以及黄淮小麦玉米轮作区(麦玉区)、南方水稻小麦轮作区(稻麦区) 3个麦区13个省份38个试验点开展试验, 测定了小麦产量、产量构成因素、籽粒锰含量以及土壤有效锰、pH等指标。结果表明, 小麦产量为麦玉区>稻麦区>旱作区, 平均为8.1、5.9和5.9 t hm^-2; 小麦籽粒锰含量为稻麦区>旱作区>麦玉区, 平均为46.9、45.4和41.4 mg kg^-1。小麦品种籽粒锰含量与干物质累积分配、产量构成因素及锰吸收利用之间的关系因麦区而异。旱作区小麦品种籽粒锰含量与产量、生物量、收获指数均显著负相关, 麦玉区与产量和收获指数显著负相关, 稻麦区无相关。旱作区籽粒锰含量与穗数及穗粒数显著负相关; 麦玉区与穗数显著负相关; 稻麦区与穗数显著正相关, 而与千粒重显著负相关。麦玉区和稻麦区籽粒锰含量均与地上部锰吸收量和籽粒吸锰量显著正相关, 旱作区籽粒锰含量与籽粒吸锰量显著正相关; 稻麦区籽粒锰含量与锰收获指数显著负相关, 旱作区和麦玉区两者显著正相关。影响小麦籽粒锰含量的主要土壤因素包括土壤全氮、pH、有效铁、有效锰和有效铜。麦玉区, 小麦籽粒锰含量与土壤有效铁、有效铜和有效锰显著正相关, 与土壤pH显著负相关; 稻麦区小麦籽粒锰含量与土壤pH、有效铜和全氮显著负相关, 而与土壤有效锰无显著相关。旱作区, 土壤有效磷和速效钾是影响小麦籽粒锰含量的主要原因。可见, 我国稻麦区小麦品种籽粒锰含量较高, 较低的土壤pH、全氮和较高的土壤有效铁、有效锰有利于籽粒锰含量提高, 土壤有效铜对籽粒锰含量的影响因麦区而异。产量对锰含量存在稀释效应, 通过提高穗数、穗粒数、千粒重有利于降低小麦籽粒锰含量。

关键词: 小麦, 锰含量, 产量, 品种, 土壤

Abstract:

It is of great significance to clarify the effects of cultivars and soil factors on wheat manganese nutrition for optimizing wheat manganese nutrition and achieving high yield and high-quality wheat production. From 2016 to 2020, a field experiment was carried out at 38 test sites in 13 provinces in three wheat production regions: Northwest dry-farming wheat area (DW), Huanghuai wheat-maize rotation area (WM), and Southern rice-wheat rotation area (RW). Wheat yield, yield components, grain Mn concentration, soil available manganese, pH value, and other indicators were tested. Results showed that, wheat yield was in the following order: WM > RW > DW, with the average value of 8.1, 5.9, and 5.9 t hm^-2, respectively. Mn concentration in wheat grains was in the following order: RW > DW > WM, with the average value of 46.9, 45.4, and 41.4 mg kg^-1, respectively. In different wheat production regions, the relationships of grain Mn concentration with the dry matter accumulation distribution, yield components, Mn uptake, and the utilization of wheat cultivars were different. The correlation of grain Mn concentration was significantly negative with the yield, biomass, and harvest index of wheat cultivars in DW, and was significantly negative with yield and harvest index in WM, but not significant in RW. There was a significant negative correlation between wheat grain Mn content and soil pH value, available Cu, and the total N, but not significant correlation between wheat grain Mn content and soil available Mn. Grain Mn concentration was positively correlated with spike number, but significantly negative with 1000-grain weight in RW. Grain Mn concentration was positively correlated with Mn uptake in shoots and Mn uptake in grains in WM and RW, and only positively correlated with Mn uptake in grains in DW, while its correlation with Mn harvest index was significantly negative in RW but positive in DW and WM. The main soil factors affecting wheat grain Mn concentration included soil total nitrogen, pH value, available Fe, available Mn, and available Cu. In WM, the grain Mn concentration was significantly positively correlated with soil available Fe, available Cu and Mn, but negatively correlated with soil pH. In RW, grain Mn concentration was significantly and negatively correlated with soil pH value, available Cu, and the total nitrogen, but not correlated with soil available Mn. Soil available P and available K were the main factors affecting grain Mn concentration in DW. In conclusion, wheat cultivars in RW of China had higher grain Mn concentration. Lower soil pH value, the total nitrogen, and the higher soil available Fe and Mn were beneficial to the increase of grain Mn concentration, while the effects of soil available Cu on grain Mn concentration varied with wheat regions. The yield had a dilution effect on Mn concentration, and the increase of spike number, grain number per spike, and 1000-grain weight were beneficial to the decrease of Mn content in wheat cultivars.

Key words: wheat, Mn concentration, grain yield, cultivar, soil

张露露, 张学美, 牟文燕, 黄宁, 郭子糠, 罗一诺, 魏蕾, 孙利谦, 王星舒, 石美, 王朝辉. 我国主要麦区小麦籽粒锰含量: 品种与土壤因素的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(7): 1906-1918.

ZHANG Lu-Lu, ZHANG Xue-Mei, MU Wen-Yan, HUANG Ning, GUO Zi-Kang, LUO Yi-Nuo, WEI Lei, SUN Li-Qian, WANG Xing-Shu, SHI Mei, WANG Zhao-Hui. Grain Mn concentration of wheat in main wheat production regions of China: Effects of cultivars and soil factors[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(7): 1906-1918.

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麦区 Wheat region	有效养分 Available nutrient (mg kg^-1)								pH	OM (g kg^-1)	TN (g kg^-1)
麦区 Wheat region	NO₃^--N	NH₄⁺-N	AP	AK	Fe	Mn	Cu	Zn	pH	OM (g kg^-1)	TN (g kg^-1)
旱作区DW	10.7	0.2	11.8	151	5.0	10.9	1.02	0.37	8.2	16.8	0.84
稻麦区RW	18.4	11.9	28.5	164	53.4	23.3	2.96	1.45	6.3	29.4	1.48
麦玉区WM	20.7	7.3	37.3	192	11.9	14.5	1.33	1.56	7.7	22.8	1.13
全国ALL	16.6	6.5	25.9	169	23.4	16.2	1.77	1.13	7.4	23.0	1.15

施肥年份 Fertilizer application year	旱作区DW			麦玉区MW			稻麦区RW
施肥年份 Fertilizer application year	氮肥 NF	磷肥 PF	钾肥 KF	氮肥 NF	磷肥 PF	钾肥 KF	氮肥 NF	磷肥 PF	钾肥 KF
2017	—	—	—	249±78.0	127±52.9	75±33.6	213±40.9	96±24.8	88±22.9
2018	180	100	75	238±60.8	130±34.5	73±36.8	187±78.0	80±36.8	70±32.6
2019	180	100	75	257±105	123±42.3	71±42.4	169±75.7	75±27.3	74±27.5
2020	180	100	75	262±55.5	145±48.8	93±71.7	183±64.7	75±39.0	65±33.6

指标 Index	旱作区DW		麦玉区WM		稻麦区RW		全国ALL
指标 Index	≤48.7	>48.7	≤48.7	>48.7	≤48.7	>48.7	≤48.7	>48.7
籽粒锰 Grain Mn (mg kg^-1)	44.2	50.8	40.5	51.8	42.2	52.1	42.1	51.5
产量 Yield (t hm^-2)	5.9	5.8	8.2	7.5^**	6.0	5.8	7.1	6.1^**
生物量 Biomass (t hm^-2)	13.3	13.4	17.9	17.0	13.4	12.7	15.7	13.9^**
收获指数 Harvest index (%)	45.0	43.7	46.1	44.7	45.6	46.0	45.6	44.8
穗数 Spike number (×10⁴ hm^-2)	480.4	500.2	648.6	564.8^**	385.5	417.4	559.2	480.4^**
穗粒数 Grain number per spike (No. spike^-1)	28.9	27.3	31.7	33.2	38.4	37.8	31.2	32.6
千粒重 Thousand-grain weight (g)	44.9	44.7	41.7	41.5	43.4	39.3^**	43.1	41.9^*
锰地上部吸收量 Shoot Mn uptake (g hm^-2)	734.5	767.9	812.1	974.8^**	708.0	894.7^**	772.5	858.0^**
籽粒吸锰量 Grain Mn uptake (g hm^-2)	273.6	277.4	330.2	391.4^**	250.6	291.5^**	301.0	302.2
锰收获指数 Mn harvest index (%)	40.3	39.4	44.6	47.2	42.1	38.2^*	42.7	40.5^**

我国主要麦区小麦籽粒锰含量: 品种与土壤因素的影响

Grain Mn concentration of wheat in main wheat production regions of China: Effects of cultivars and soil factors

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