作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (7): 1906-1918.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21042
张露露1(), 张学美1, 牟文燕1, 黄宁1, 郭子糠1, 罗一诺1, 魏蕾1, 孙利谦1, 王星舒1, 石美1,*(), 王朝辉1,2,*()
ZHANG Lu-Lu1(), ZHANG Xue-Mei1, MU Wen-Yan1, HUANG Ning1, GUO Zi-Kang1, LUO Yi-Nuo1, WEI Lei1, SUN Li-Qian1, WANG Xing-Shu1, SHI Mei1,*(), WANG Zhao-Hui1,2,*()
摘要:
为明确影响小麦锰营养的品种和土壤因素, 优化小麦锰营养, 实现小麦丰产优质生产提供理论依据, 于2016—2020年西北旱作小麦区(旱作区)以及黄淮小麦玉米轮作区(麦玉区)、南方水稻小麦轮作区(稻麦区) 3个麦区13个省份38个试验点开展试验, 测定了小麦产量、产量构成因素、籽粒锰含量以及土壤有效锰、pH等指标。结果表明, 小麦产量为麦玉区>稻麦区>旱作区, 平均为8.1、5.9和5.9 t hm-2; 小麦籽粒锰含量为稻麦区>旱作区>麦玉区, 平均为46.9、45.4和41.4 mg kg-1。小麦品种籽粒锰含量与干物质累积分配、产量构成因素及锰吸收利用之间的关系因麦区而异。旱作区小麦品种籽粒锰含量与产量、生物量、收获指数均显著负相关, 麦玉区与产量和收获指数显著负相关, 稻麦区无相关。旱作区籽粒锰含量与穗数及穗粒数显著负相关; 麦玉区与穗数显著负相关; 稻麦区与穗数显著正相关, 而与千粒重显著负相关。麦玉区和稻麦区籽粒锰含量均与地上部锰吸收量和籽粒吸锰量显著正相关, 旱作区籽粒锰含量与籽粒吸锰量显著正相关; 稻麦区籽粒锰含量与锰收获指数显著负相关, 旱作区和麦玉区两者显著正相关。影响小麦籽粒锰含量的主要土壤因素包括土壤全氮、pH、有效铁、有效锰和有效铜。麦玉区, 小麦籽粒锰含量与土壤有效铁、有效铜和有效锰显著正相关, 与土壤pH显著负相关; 稻麦区小麦籽粒锰含量与土壤pH、有效铜和全氮显著负相关, 而与土壤有效锰无显著相关。旱作区, 土壤有效磷和速效钾是影响小麦籽粒锰含量的主要原因。可见, 我国稻麦区小麦品种籽粒锰含量较高, 较低的土壤pH、全氮和较高的土壤有效铁、有效锰有利于籽粒锰含量提高, 土壤有效铜对籽粒锰含量的影响因麦区而异。产量对锰含量存在稀释效应, 通过提高穗数、穗粒数、千粒重有利于降低小麦籽粒锰含量。
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