作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (8): 2225-2239.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24155
陈婷1(), 焦艳阳1(), 周鑫烨1, 吴林坤1, 张重义2, 林煜1, 林生1,*(), 林文雄1,*()
CHEN Ting1(), JIAO Yan-Yang1(), ZHOU Xin-Ye1, WU Lin-Kun1, ZHANG Zhong-Yi2, LIN Yu1, LIN Sheng1,*(), LIN Wen-Xiong1,*()
摘要:
药用植物连作障碍问题威胁着集约化中药农业的源头产品供给与质量安全, 因此, 探索强化修复连作易病土壤的生态修复具有重要的生态经济意义。以块根入药的太子参在集约化种植过程中表现出严重的连作障碍。本研究在两茬太子参之间设置留种、休耕、淹水和稻参轮作4种处理方式, 动态检测不同处理后太子参的光合和抗逆生理以及物质转运差异, 并从土壤生态环境的角度评价不同处理对缓解太子参连作障碍的作用以及探索其机制。研究结果显示, 相较于休耕处理, 稻参轮作处理后的土壤pH降低趋势减缓, 有机质含量显著增加, 太子参根际有益微生物和根际土壤中氮循环基因的丰度均显著增加, 而病原微生物却显著减少; 太子参叶片光合速率显著提升, 干物质运转过程改善; 太子参产量、多糖和总皂苷含量分别显著提升19.5%、22.9%和5.8%。改进的灰色T型关联分析表明, 土壤pH、有机质含量、特异微生物、氮循环基因丰度以及太子参叶片光合速率和抗氧化酶系统均与产量高度关联(关联度绝对值大于0.6), 且太子参块根膨大中期及之前的生育状态和土壤环境的改善对产量形成起到更重要的作用。因此, 苗期、膨大前期及中期是消减太子参连作障碍的关键时期。本研究结果还表明, 稻参轮作处理下, 前作水稻分泌物和残体降解物进入土壤生态系统, 加速特异微生物区系重构, 缓解土壤酸化以及改善营养封存, 降低太子参逆境胁迫强度, 从而在生长发育前期就改善了连作太子参的能量和营养代谢, 并优化了物质转运, 最终改善其产量和品质。该结果为药用植物连作障碍的生态修复, 构建生态可持续栽培关键技术体系提供理论依据。
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