不同土壤强化处理对连作太子参生长发育的影响及其效果评价

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24155

作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (8): 2225-2239.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24155

不同土壤强化处理对连作太子参生长发育的影响及其效果评价

陈婷¹(), 焦艳阳¹(), 周鑫烨¹, 吴林坤¹, 张重义², 林煜¹, 林生¹^,^*(), 林文雄¹^,^*()

¹ 福建农林大学生命科学学院 / 福建省农业生态过程与安全监控重点实验室, 福建福州 350002
² 福建农林大学农学院 / 福建省高校作物生理与分子生态重点实验室, 福建福州 350002

收稿日期:2022-07-03 接受日期:2023-02-10 出版日期:2023-08-12 网络出版日期:2023-02-21
通讯作者: 林生,林文雄
作者简介:陈婷, E-mail: iamchenting@126.com
焦艳阳, E-mail: daniel2zhu@163.com第一联系人：**同等贡献
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFE0121800);国家自然科学基金项目(U1205021);国家自然科学基金项目(81573530);福建农林大学校科技创新专项基金项目(CXZX2020037A)

Effects of different soil intensification treatments on growth and development of Radix pseudostellariae in continuous cropping system

CHEN Ting¹(), JIAO Yan-Yang¹(), ZHOU Xin-Ye¹, WU Lin-Kun¹, ZHANG Zhong-Yi², LIN Yu¹, LIN Sheng¹^,^*(), LIN Wen-Xiong¹^,^*()

¹ College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University / Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
² College of Agronomy, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University / Fujian Provincial High Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China

Received:2022-07-03 Accepted:2023-02-10 Published:2023-08-12 Published online:2023-02-21
Contact: LIN Sheng,LIN Wen-Xiong
About author:First author contact:**Contributed equally to this work
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFE0121800);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1205021);National Natural Science Foundation of China(81573530);Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(CXZX2020037A)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

药用植物连作障碍问题威胁着集约化中药农业的源头产品供给与质量安全, 因此, 探索强化修复连作易病土壤的生态修复具有重要的生态经济意义。以块根入药的太子参在集约化种植过程中表现出严重的连作障碍。本研究在两茬太子参之间设置留种、休耕、淹水和稻参轮作4种处理方式, 动态检测不同处理后太子参的光合和抗逆生理以及物质转运差异, 并从土壤生态环境的角度评价不同处理对缓解太子参连作障碍的作用以及探索其机制。研究结果显示, 相较于休耕处理, 稻参轮作处理后的土壤pH降低趋势减缓, 有机质含量显著增加, 太子参根际有益微生物和根际土壤中氮循环基因的丰度均显著增加, 而病原微生物却显著减少; 太子参叶片光合速率显著提升, 干物质运转过程改善; 太子参产量、多糖和总皂苷含量分别显著提升19.5%、22.9%和5.8%。改进的灰色T型关联分析表明, 土壤pH、有机质含量、特异微生物、氮循环基因丰度以及太子参叶片光合速率和抗氧化酶系统均与产量高度关联(关联度绝对值大于0.6), 且太子参块根膨大中期及之前的生育状态和土壤环境的改善对产量形成起到更重要的作用。因此, 苗期、膨大前期及中期是消减太子参连作障碍的关键时期。本研究结果还表明, 稻参轮作处理下, 前作水稻分泌物和残体降解物进入土壤生态系统, 加速特异微生物区系重构, 缓解土壤酸化以及改善营养封存, 降低太子参逆境胁迫强度, 从而在生长发育前期就改善了连作太子参的能量和营养代谢, 并优化了物质转运, 最终改善其产量和品质。该结果为药用植物连作障碍的生态修复, 构建生态可持续栽培关键技术体系提供理论依据。

关键词: 生态集约化, 连作障碍, 太子参, 轮作, 灰色关联分析

Abstract:

Continuous monoculture problems of medicinal plants are threatening the supply and quality safety of the source products in intensive traditional Chinese medicine agricultural practice. Therefore, it is of great ecological and economic significance to intensively explore the ecological restoration of conducive-disease soil. Radix pseudostellariae is a tuberous Chinese medicine that suffers from serious continuous cropping impediments under intensive cultivation. In this study, to evaluate the effects of different treatments on alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of R. pseudostellariae and uncover the mechanism from the perspective of soil micro-ecological environment, four different soil intensification treatments including tuber reserved, fallow, flooding and rice rotation were set between two crops of R. pseudostellariae, and dynamically detected the changes of photosynthesis, stress-resistance physiology, and dry matter translocation.The results showed that, compared with fallow treatment, rice rotation treatment significantly slowed down the downtrend of soil pH, and the organic matter content in soil. The abundance of beneficial microorganisms and nitrogen cycling genes in the rhizosphere of R. pseudostellariae was increased while the pathogenic microorganisms decreased when rotated with rice in comparison with the fallow regime. This in turn led to significantly increased net photosynthetic rate and improved process of dry matter translocation of R. pseudostellariae under rice rotation treatment, indicating that the yield of R. pseudostellariae and the contents of polysaccharides and total saponins were significantly increased by 19.5%, 22.9%, and 5.8%, respectively. The improved grey T’s correlation degree analysis showed that soil pH, soil organic matter content, the abundance of specific microorganisms, the abundance of nitrogen cycling genes, the photosynthetic rate and antioxidant enzyme system in leaves of R. pseudostellariae were highly correlated with the yield of tuberous roots (Absolute correlation degree >0.6). In addition, the physiological parameters of R. pseudostellariae reflecting the growth status and the improvement of soil environment in middle and pre-phases of tuberous root greatly contributed to high-yielding formation of the medicinal plants when rotated with rice crop. Therefore, the seedling stage, early and middle tuberous root expansion stages of R. pseudostellariae were critical to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of R. pseudostellariae. This study also suggested that rice exudates and its residual bio-degradants entering soil ecosystem were conducive to accelerating the reconstruction of specific microflora, alleviating soil acidification, and improving nutrition sequestration after rice rotation treatment, thus resulting in the decreased environmental stress intensity, improved energy and nutrition metabolism, and optimized dry matter allocation in the growth and development prophase, consequently improved yield and quality of the medicinal plants. These results provided a theoretical basis for the ecological remediation of continuous cropping obstacles and the construction of the pivotal technology system in ecological sustainable cultivation practice.

Key words: ecological intensification, continuous cropping obstacles, Radix pseudostellariae, rice rotation, grey correlation analysis

陈婷, 焦艳阳, 周鑫烨, 吴林坤, 张重义, 林煜, 林生, 林文雄. 不同土壤强化处理对连作太子参生长发育的影响及其效果评价[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(8): 2225-2239.

CHEN Ting, JIAO Yan-Yang, ZHOU Xin-Ye, WU Lin-Kun, ZHANG Zhong-Yi, LIN Yu, LIN Sheng, LIN Wen-Xiong. Effects of different soil intensification treatments on growth and development of Radix pseudostellariae in continuous cropping system[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(8): 2225-2239.

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处理 Treatment	缩写 Abbreviation	处理描述 Description for treatments
正茬太子参 Newly plant Radix pseudostellariae	NP	休闲新地第一次种植太子参, 作为对照处理。 Plant Radix pseudostellariae in new farmland as control.
原地留种 Remain tuberous roots in soil as storage	RP-S	前茬太子参成熟块根作为种参留存于田地中, 该地块来年用于再植太子参, 即相当于三季连作处理。 Tuberous roots of former crop Radix pseudostellariae are left in soil and planted in the next crop.
休耕 Keep soil fallow	RP-F	前茬太子参种植收获后该田块作休闲处理, 下季再种太子参。 Keep soil fallow between two crops of Radix pseudostellariae.
淹水 Submerge soil in water	RP-WF	前作太子参收获后田块作淹水处理, 下一季排水至落干后再种太子参种。 Submerge soil in water between two crop of Radix pseudostellariae, then dry it before next crop.
稻参轮作 Rotate with rice	RP-R	前作太子参收获后轮作水稻, 水稻收获后再种植太子参。 Plant rice between two crops of Radix pseudostellariae.

项目 Item	引物 Primer	序列 Sequences (5°-3°)
马铃薯皮斑病菌Polyscytalum algarvense	POL-F	GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATG
马铃薯皮斑病菌Polyscytalum algarvense	POL-R	ACATACCTGTTGCCTCGGC
尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum	ITS1-F	CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA
尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum	AFP308R	CGAATTAACGCGAGTCCCAA
菠萝泛菌Pantoea ananatis	PANT-F	GAGGTCGCTTCTCTTTGTATGC
菠萝泛菌Pantoea ananatis	PANT-R	GCTCGTGTTGTGAAATGTTGG
梅奇酵母属Metschnikowia	MET-F	TAACAAGGTTTCCGTAGGTGA
梅奇酵母属Metschnikowia	MET-R	ATTCGCTGCGTTCTTCATC
灰腐质霉Humicola grisea	HUM-F	CGATGCCAGAACCAAGAGA
灰腐质霉Humicola grisea	HUM-R	CCAAACCATTGTGAACATACCT
哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum	ITS1 S	TACAACTCCCAAACCCAATGTGA
哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum	ITS1 R	CCGTTGTTGAAAGTTTTGATTCATTT
伯克氏菌属Burkholderia	Burk3	CTGCGAAAGCCGGAT
伯克氏菌属Burkholderia	Burk R	TGCCATACTCTAGCYYGC
假单胞菌属Pseudomonas	Ps-for	GGTCTGAGAGGATGATCAGT
芽孢杆菌属Bacillus	Bac F	GGGAAACCGGGGCTAATACCGGAT
芽孢杆菌属Bacillus	R1378	CGGTGTGTACAAGGCCCGGGAACG
AOA	19F	ATGGTCTGGCTWAGACG
	CrenamoA616r48x	GCCATCCABCKRTANGTCCA
AOB	amoA-1F	CCCCTCKGSAAAGCCTTCTTC
	amoA-2R	AAAGGYGGWATCGGYAARTCCACCAC
nifH	nifH-F	AAAGGYGGWATCGGYAARTCCACCAC
	nifH-R	TTGTTSGCSGCRTACATSGCCATCAT
narG	narG1960m2F	TAYGTSGGGCAGGARAAACTG
	narG2050m2R	CGTAGAAGAAGCTGGTGCTGTT
nirK	nirK876	ATYGGCGGVCAYGGCGA
	nirK1040	GCCTCGATCAGRTTRTGGTT
nirS	nirSCd3aFm	AACGYSAAGGARACSGG
	nirSR3cdm	GASTTCGGRTGSGTCTTSAYGAA
nosZ	nosZ2F	CGCRACGGCAASAAGGTSMSSGT
	nosZ2R	CAKRTGCAKSGCRTGGCAGAA

处理 Treatment	2020年产量 Yield of the first year (kg hm^-2)	2021年产量 Yield of the second year (kg hm^-2)	多糖含量 Content of polysaccharide (mg g^-1)	总皂苷含量 Content of total saponin (mg g^-1)
NP	3850.69±83.37 a	3771.84±32.92 a	15.15±0.65 a	0.86±0.02 a
RP-S	1010.81±144.40 d	600.64±19.20 c	10.78±0.16 d	0.72±0.02 d
RP-F	2069.74±166.74 c	1230.38±42.56 b	11.53±0.28 d	0.82±0.02 bc
RP-WF	2214.14±83.37 c	1798.67±71.10 a	13.10±0.01 c	0.83±0.01 ab
RP-R	2644.99±79.296 b	1906.13±34.00 a	14.16±0.24 b	0.87±0.01 a

处理 Treatment	叶片净光合速率Leaf net photosynthetic rate (μmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)
处理 Treatment	块根膨大前期EE	块根膨大中期ME	块根膨大后期LE
NP	11.5±0.2 a	10.9±0.1 a	9.2±0.1 a
RP-S	7.5±0.1 d	6.2±0.1 e	4.1±0.2 e
RP-F	8.4±0.4 c	8.7±0.1 d	5.9±0.2 d
RP-WF	8.4±0.1 c	9.1±0.1 c	6.8±0.1 c
RP-R	9.6±0.3 b	9.7±0.1 b	7.0±0.1 b

不同土壤强化处理对连作太子参生长发育的影响及其效果评价

Effects of different soil intensification treatments on growth and development of Radix pseudostellariae in continuous cropping system

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