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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (11): 3017-3028.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.31003

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

波兰小麦在青藏高原饲用性能的评价

赵彩霞1,2,3(), 沈吉成1,2(), 尹淑香1,2,3, 叶发慧1,2,3, 杨淼思4, 刘瑞娟1,2, 刘德梅1,2, 张怀刚1,2, 沈裕虎1,2, 陈文杰1,2,*()   

  1. 1中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室 / 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 / 中国科学院种子创新研究院, 青海西宁 810008
    2青海省作物分子育种重点实验室, 青海西宁 810008
    3中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
    4青海大学, 青海西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-06 接受日期:2023-04-17 出版日期:2023-11-12 网络出版日期:2023-05-08
  • 通讯作者: 陈文杰, E-mail: wjchen@nwipb.cas.cn
  • 作者简介:赵彩霞, E-mail: 1379572449@qq.com;
    沈吉成, E-mail: 1911561480@qq.com第一联系人：

    **同等贡献

  • 基金资助:
    青海省重点研发与转化计划项目(2022-NK-106);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA24030102);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(STEP)项目(2019QZKK0303);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2019420);青海省创新平台建设项目(2022-ZJ-Y01);青海省创新平台建设项目(2022-ZJ-Y04)

Evaluation of the forage performance of polish wheat on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

ZHAO Cai-Xia1,2,3(), SHEN Ji-Cheng1,2(), YIN Shu-Xiang1,2,3, YE Fa-Hui1,2,3, YANG Miao-Si4, LIU Rui-Juan1,2, LIU De-Mei1,2, ZHANG Huai-Gang1,2, SHEN Yu-Hu1,2, CHEN Wen-Jie1,2,*()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
    2Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
    3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    4Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
  • Received:2023-01-06 Accepted:2023-04-17 Published:2023-11-12 Published online:2023-05-08
  • About author:First author contact:

    **Contributed equally to this study

  • Supported by:
    Project of Qinghai Science and Technology Department(2022-NK-106);Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24030102);Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Program(2019QZKK0303);Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019420);Construction Project for Innovation Platform of Qinghai Province(2022-ZJ-Y01);Construction Project for Innovation Platform of Qinghai Province(2022-ZJ-Y04)

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摘要：

青藏高原是世界典型的高寒牧区, 气候寒冷干燥, 生态环境脆弱, 天然草原初级生产力水平低下, 人工草场现有适宜草种单一, 品质较差, 难以满足放牧家畜的营养需求, 急需筛选和培育适宜该地区种植的优质饲用作物。本研究对40份波兰小麦饲用相关性状进行了测定, 运用熵权法对测定指标进行了权重确定, 采用灰色关联度进行了综合评价, 以期筛选出适宜青藏高原等高寒牧区种植的波兰小麦优异饲用种质资源。主要研究结果如下: (1) 供试材料籽粒产量权重最高为7.04%, 开花期鲜草产量次之为6.98%, 同时籽粒和鲜草产量变异系数(%)均较高, 分别为28.57%和22.26%; (2) 饲用品质分析表明, 供试波兰小麦植株、籽粒中粗蛋白含量均较高, 分别为23.86%和20.28%, 植株ADF、NDF含量较低; (3) 关联分析表明, 综合评价较高的3个品种分别为来自阿根廷的9号、来自埃塞俄比亚的18号和来自罗马尼亚的20号, 其中20号综合评价最高为0.635, 18号为0.617, 9号为0.607。上述综合评价较高、饲用性状较突出的材料可作为筛选和培育青藏高原等高寒牧区高蛋白含量优质禾本科牧草的良好供试材料。

关键词: 波兰小麦, 饲草产量, 籽粒产量, 饲用品质, 青藏高原

Abstract:

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a typical alpine grazing area in the world, which is cold and arid, with fragile ecological environment, low level of primary productivity of natural grasslands, single suitable grass species for artificial pastures, and low quality, which can hardly suit the nutritional needs of grazing livestock. It is urgent to screen and cultivate high-quality forage crops. The objective of this study is to measure the forage traits of 40 polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L.), the entropy weighting method was applied to determine the weights of the measurement indicators, and use the gray correlation degree for a multivariate evaluation, to identify excellent forage germplasm resources of polish wheat varieties most suitable for planting in Qinghai. The main findings were as follows: (1) The grain yield of the test material had the highest weight of 7.04%, followed by 6.98% for fresh grass yield at flowering stage, also the coefficients of variation of grain and fresh forage yield were higher at 28.57% and 22.26%, respectively. (2) The forage quality analysis showed that the crude protein content of the plant and grain were higher by 23.86% and 20.28%, respectively. The acid detergent fibers and neutral detergent fiber of the plant were lower. (3) The multivariate evaluation of multiple indicators of the polish wheat revealed that three varieties with the best multivariate score among the 40 different Polish wheat were No. 9 from Argentina, No. 18 from Ethiopia, and No. 20 from Romania, and the highest multivariate score was 0.635 for No. 20, followed by 0.617 for No. 18, and 0.607 for No. 9. The materials with higher multivariate score of the test varieties and more outstanding forage traits can be the excellent test materials for the screening and breeding high quality forage grasses with high protein content on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to production needs.

Key words: Polish wheat, forage yield, grain yield, forage quality, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

表1

供试波兰小麦品种"

序号No. 名称Name 来源地Origin 序号No. 名称Name 来源地Origin
1 PI29447 乌克兰Ukraine 21 CItr13919 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia
2 PI384265 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia 22 PI566593-1 美国USA
3 PI384345 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia 23 PI272565-1 匈牙利Hungary
4 PI290512 葡萄牙Portugal 24 PI272565 匈牙利Hungary
5 PI225334 伊朗Iran 25 PI352488-1 意大利Italy
6 PI190951 葡萄牙Portugal 26 PI210845-1 伊朗Iran
7 CItr14140 未知Unknown 27 PI210845 伊朗Iran
8 PI387479 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia 28 PI566593 美国USA
9 PI185309 阿根廷Argentina 29 PI384340-1 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia
10 PI608017 美国USA 30 PI384340 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia
11 PI266846 英国UK 31 PI352489-1 塞浦路斯Cyprus
12 PI191823 葡萄牙Portugal 32 PI56261 葡萄牙Portugal
13 PI366117 约旦Jordan 33 PI306548 罗马尼亚Romania
14 PI384268 未知Unknown 34 PI352489 塞浦路斯Cyprus
15 PI352487 葡萄牙Portugal 35 PI387457-1 葡萄牙Portugal
16 PI352488 澳大利亚Australia 36 PI387457 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia
17 PI42209 匈牙利Hungary 37 PI56261-1 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia
18 CItr13919-1 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia 38 CItr17442 美国USA
19 PI298572-1 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia 39 CItr17442-1 美国USA
20 PI306548-1 罗马尼亚Romania 40 CItr298572 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia

表2

供试波兰小麦农艺性状变化"

指标
Index		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 穗长
Spike length (cm)		 穗颈节长
SNL (cm)		 分蘖
Tiller number		 籽粒粗蛋白
GCP (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
平均值Mean 134.84 12.49 57.43 22.80 20.28 47.26
最大Max. 159.79 17.86 68.47 35.64 23.72 63.32
最小Min. 99.42 7.00 43.67 8.37 17.17 30.37
变异系数CV (%) 11.15 20.34 10.12 28.51 7.61 17.84

图1

供试波兰小麦农艺性状的变化"

表3

供试波兰小麦饲草产量变化"

序号
No.		 花期Flower 收获Harvest 序号
No.		 花期Flower 收获Harvest
鲜草产量
Fresh forage yield (t hm-2)		 干草产量
Dry forage
yield (t hm-2)		 干草产量
Dry forage
yield (t hm-2)		 鲜草产量
Fresh forage
yield (t hm-2)		 干草产量
Dry forage
yield (t hm-2)		 干草产量
Dry forage
yield (t hm-2)
1 6.98 ab 2.43 ab 1.86 bc 23 3.83 defg 1.31 efghijk 1.52 cdefghi
2 7.95 a 2.71 a 1.26 defghijk 24 3.45 efg 1.14 hijk 1.49 cdefghi
3 4.73 bcdefg 1.90 bcdefgh 1.05 hijk 25 4.99 bcdefg 1.68 cdefghijk 1.24 defghijk
4 4.84 bcdefg 1.93 bcdefg 1.23 defghijk 26 3.34 fg 1.16 ghijk 1.52 cdefghi
5 3.04 fg 1.25 fghijk 1.37 cdefghij 27 4.09 defg 1.05 k 1.48 cdefghij
6 4.28 defg 1.45 defghijk 1.50 cdefghi 28 3.79 defg 1.49 defghijk 1.44 cdefghij
7 3.94 defg 1.10 jk 1.64 cdefg 29 4.65 bcdefg 1.36 defghijk 2.26 ab
8 3.19 fg 1.16 ghijk 1.28 defghijk 30 3.75 defg 1.20 ghijk 1.72 cd
9 6.00 abcde 1.88 bcdefghi 1.71 cde 31 3.86 defg 1.34 efghijk 1.70 cde
10 5.40 bcdef 1.80 bcdefghijk 1.53 cdefghi 32 4.61 bcdefg 2.01 bcdefg 1.65 bcdefg
11 7.01 ab 1.49 defghijk 1.50 defghijk 33 4.39 cdefg 1.69 cdefghijk 1.29 cdefghijk
12 3.56 efg 1.18 ghijk 1.19 ghijk 34 2.44 g 1.14 hijk 1.34 cdefghijk
13 3.64 defg 1.41 defghijk 0.96 ijk 35 3.26 fg 1.41 defghijk 1.13 efghijk
14 3.26 fg 1.03 k 0.90 jk 36 4.46 cdefg 2.03 bcde 1.16 defghijk
15 3.38 fg 1.26 efghijk 0.97 ijk 37 3.00 fg 1.13 ijk 1.07 ghijk
16 3.68 defg 1.08 k 0.80 k 38 3.53 efg 1.39 defghijk 1.25 defghijk
17 3.56 efg 1.19 ghijk 1.06 ghijk 39 3.38 fg 1.40 defghijk 1.08 fghijk
18 6.79 abc 2.24 abc 1.74 cd 40 4.05 defg 2.11 abcd 1.07 ghijk
19 6.15 abcd 1.85 bcdefghij 1.43 cd 平均值Mean 4.36 1.52 1.41
20 4.95 bcdefg 1.78 bcdefghijk 2.69 a Max. 7.95 2.71 2.69
21 4.39 cdefg 1.20 ghijk 1.68 cde Min. 2.44 1.03 0.80
22 4.76 bcdefg 1.45 defghijk 1.58 cdefgh CV (%) 28.57 27.13 25.87

表4

供试波兰小麦籽粒产量变化"

序号
No.		 籽粒产量
Grain yield (kg hm-2)		 收获指数
Harvest index		 序号
No.		 籽粒产量
Grain yield (kg hm-2)		 收获指数
Harvest index
1 406.26 bcdefghij 0.22 f 23 320.48 hijk 0.21 g
2 460.19 abcde 0.37 b 24 314.95 hijkl 0.21 g
3 338.96 fghijk 0.32 b 25 307.48 ijkl 0.25 e
4 477.84 abcd 0.39 ab 26 307.23 ijkl 0.20 g
5 487.61 abc 0.36 b 27 331.56 ghijk 0.22 fg
6 447.45 bcdefg 0.30 cd 28 377.55 cdefghij 0.26 e
7 572.75 a 0.35 b 29 519.67 ab 0.23 ef
8 486.45 abc 0.38 b 30 351.15 efghijk 0.20 g
9 515.92 ab 0.30 cd 31 494.92 abc 0.29 cd
10 431.13 bcdefgh 0.28 d 32 289.16 ijkl 0.18 h
11 453.27 bcdef 0.30 cd 33 317.23 hijk 0.25 ef
12 324.05 hijk 0.27 d 34 247.25 kl 0.19 gh
13 356.38 efghijk 0.37 b 35 453.37 bcdef 0.40 a
14 336.06 fghijk 0.37 b 36 463.47 abcde 0.40 a
15 291.08 ijkl 0.30 cd 37 403.85 bcdefghij 0.38 b
16 284.39 jkl 0.36 b 38 385.58 cdefghij 0.31 cd
17 359.99 defghijk 0.34 b 39 329.77 ghijk 0.31 cd
18 452.38 bcdefg 0.26 e 40 298.61 ijkl 0.28 d
19 462.39 abcde 0.32 b 平均值Mean 388.85 0.29
20 486.18 abc 0.18 h Max. 572.75 0.40
21 410.02 bcdefghi 0.24 ef Min. 200.11 0.13
22 200.11 l 0.13 i CV (%) 22.26 24.85

表5

供试波兰小麦饲用品质变化"

指标
Index		 叶Leaf 茎秆Stem
ADF NDF CP ADF NDF CP
平均值Mean 40.79 59.45 23.86 43.71 58.47 7.58
最大值Max. 49.30 66.46 27.94 50.92 65.48 12.98
最小值Min. 30.51 50.22 16.33 30.03 49.60 4.04
变异系数CV (%) 9.59 7.31 9.59 10.36 8.08 28.94

图2

供试波兰小麦植株饲用品质变化"

图3

供试波兰小麦不同农艺性状间相关性分析 不同颜色表示各指标间相关性, 颜色深表示二者相关性较高, 颜色浅则反之。"

表6

供试波兰小麦各指标权重及排名"

指标
Index		 权重
Weight (%)		 排名Rank 指标
Index		 权重
Weight (%)		 排名
Rank
株高Plant height 6.88 4 籽粒粗蛋白Grain crude protein 6.37 8
穗长Spike length 6.52 5 籽粒产量Grain yield 7.04 1
穗颈节长Spike stem nodes length 6.88 4 叶片粗蛋白Crude protein (leaf) 6.37 7
分蘖Tiller 5.31 14 叶片酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fibe (leaf) 5.77 12
花期鲜草产量Fresh forage yield (flower) 6.98 2 叶片中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (leaf) 6.45 6
花期干草产量Dry forage yield (flower) 6.96 3 茎秆粗蛋白Crude protein (stem) 6.30 9
收获期干草产量Dry forage yield (harvest) 5.59 13 茎秆酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fibe (stem) 4.91 15
千粒重1000-grain weight 5.83 11 茎秆中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (stem) 6.22 10

表7

供试波兰小麦加权关联度及排名"

序号
No.		 加权关联度
Weighted relevance		 排名
Rank		 序号
No.		 加权关联度
Weighted relevance		 排名
Rank
1 0.490 21 21 0.507 19
2 0.545 12 22 0.545 12
3 0.407 31 23 0.522 14
4 0.564 8 24 0.507 19
5 0.508 18 25 0.547 11
6 0.482 23 26 0.446 27
7 0.572 6 27 0.573 5
8 0.420 30 28 0.550 10
9 0.607 3 29 0.510 16
10 0.560 9 30 0.470 25
11 0.602 4 31 0.533 13
12 0.494 20 32 0.390 32
13 0.451 26 33 0.568 7
14 0.432 30 34 0.521 15
15 0.483 22 35 0.347 35
16 0.341 36 36 0.445 28
17 0.389 33 37 0.424 29
18 0.617 2 38 0.479 24
19 0.568 7 39 0.350 34
20 0.635 1 40 0.509 17
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