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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 565-577.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.53054

所属专题： 玉米：耕作栽培·生理生化

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

盐胁迫对不同耐盐型夏玉米品种根系生长及养分吸收效率的影响

刘吉昌(), 李思烨(), 李雪婷, 王洪章, 刘鹏, 张吉旺, 赵斌, 任佰朝, 任昊()   

  1. 山东农业大学农学院 / 黄淮海区域玉米技术创新中心, 山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-18 接受日期:2025-11-18 出版日期:2026-02-12 网络出版日期:2025-11-26
  • 通讯作者: *任昊 E-mail:renhaosdau@126.com
  • 作者简介:刘吉昌, E-mail: liujichang0011@163.com;李思烨, E-mail: 16603895370@163.com

    **同等贡献

  • 基金资助:
    山东省重点研发计划项目(2022CXPT014);山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(SDAIT-02-08);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1201704)

Effects of salt stress on root growth and nutrient absorption efficiency of different salt-tolerant summer maize varieties

Liu Ji-Chang(), Li Si-Ye(), Li Xue-Ting, Wang Hong-Zhang, Liu Peng, Zhang Ji-Wang, Zhao Bin, Ren Bai-Zhao, Ren Hao()   

  1. College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University / Huang-Huai-Hai Regional Maize Technology Innovation Center, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2025-07-18 Accepted:2025-11-18 Published:2026-02-12 Published online:2025-11-26
  • Contact: *Ren Hao E-mail:renhaosdau@126.com
  • About author:

    **Contributed equally to this work

  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(2022CXPT014);Shandong Province Key Agricultural Project for Application Technology Innovation(SDAIT-02-08);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1201704)

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摘要：

滨海盐碱地作为我国最具开发潜力的中低产田类型, 是粮食产能挖潜的重点。盐分显著影响玉米根系分布与功能, 进而影响水养吸收。明确盐胁迫对不同耐盐型玉米品种根系生长和养分吸收的影响, 能够为盐碱地玉米丰产抗逆栽培理论和技术提供依据。本试验采用池栽试验与土柱试验相结合的方式, 选用不同耐盐型玉米品种万盛69 (WS69, 耐盐型)和登海605 (DH605, 盐敏感型), 设置低(medium-salinity stress, MS, 盐浓度1.5‰)和高(high-salinity stress, HS, 盐浓度3.0‰) 2个盐处理, 以不施盐为对照(check, CK), 研究盐胁迫对不同耐盐型玉米品种根系生长、根系养分吸收、植株养分积累及产量的影响。结果表明, 与CK相比, 盐胁迫通过破坏玉米根系抗氧化酶代谢过程, 降低根系活力, 抑制根系发育, 阻碍养分吸收和利用, 导致养分积累量、地上部干物质积累和产量降低, 耐盐品种产量降幅(6.90%~9.12%)显著低于盐敏感型品种(16.12%~27.42%)。与盐敏感品种DH605相比, 耐盐品种WS69在高盐胁迫下根系抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性仍显著升高, MDA含量较低, 根系活力和根系呼吸速率降幅较低, 具有较高的根长、根表面积和根体积, 保证根系对养分的吸收, 促进干物质的积累, 适应性更强。综上所述, 盐胁迫抑制根系生长和产量形成, 耐盐型玉米品种在盐胁迫尤其是高盐胁迫下通过维持根系抗氧化系统活性和根系活力, 从而保证根系生长和产量形成, 减产幅度较低。

关键词: 夏玉米, 盐胁迫, 根系生长, 根系养分吸收效率, 产量

Abstract:

Coastal saline-alkali land, as one of the most promising types of medium- and low-yield fields in China, plays a critical role in tapping the potential of grain production. Salinity significantly affects the distribution and function of maize roots, thereby influencing water and nutrient uptake. Understanding the effects of salt stress on root growth and nutrient absorption in maize varieties with differing salt tolerance provides a theoretical and technical foundation for high-yield, stress-resilient maize cultivation in saline-alkali soils. In this study, both pool culture and soil column experiments were conducted using two maize varieties—Wansheng 69 (WS69, salt-tolerant) and Denghai 605 (DH605, salt-sensitive). Three salinity treatments were applied: control (CK, no salt), medium salinity stress (MS, 1.5‰), and high salinity stress (HS, 3.0‰). The effects of salt stress on root growth, nutrient uptake, plant nutrient accumulation, and yield were comprehensively evaluated. Results showed that, compared with CK, salt stress disrupted the antioxidant enzyme metabolism in maize roots, reduced root activity, inhibited root growth, and impaired nutrient uptake and utilization, ultimately leading to reduced nutrient accumulation, shoot dry matter, and yield. Yield reduction in the salt-tolerant variety (6.90%-9.12%) was significantly lower than that in the salt-sensitive variety (16.12%-27.42%). Under high salinity, WS69 exhibited significantly higher antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD, CAT) activities, lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content, lower root respiration rate, and greater root length, surface area, and volume compared to DH605. These traits helped maintain nutrient absorption, promoted dry matter accumulation, and conferred stronger adaptability. In conclusion, salt stress inhibits root growth and yield formation. Salt-tolerant maize varieties can maintain antioxidant enzyme activity and root vitality under salt stress—especially under high salinity—thereby supporting root growth and yield stability, with relatively lower yield losses.

Key words: summer maize, salt stress, root growth, nutrient uptake efficiency of roots, yield

表1

0~20 cm土层土壤pH和养分含量"

试验方法
Experiment method		 pH 有机质
Soil organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 碱解氮
Available N
(mg kg-1)		 有效磷
Olsen P
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)
池栽试验
Cultivation pool experiment		 6.82
 11.21
 0.84
 60.20
 41.11
 66.98
土柱试验
Soil column experiment		 6.91
 9.93
 0.65
 52.22
 25.66
 56.11

表2

盐胁迫对夏玉米根系干重、根长、根表面积、根体积的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 根系干重
Root dry weight
(g plant-1)		 总根长
Total root length
(×102 cm plant-1)		 总根表面积
Total root surface area
(×102 cm2 plant-1)		 总根体积
Total root volume
(cm3 plant-1)
2022 DH605 CK 8.71±0.61 a 100.20±6.83 a 40.86±1.86 a 158.32±5.75 a
MS 8.40±0.11 a 78.04±3.94 b 33.75±3.78 b 137.81±6.31 b
HS 6.16±0.02 b 60.54±1.09 c 27.53±1.78 c 119.50±9.14 c
WS69 CK 10.39±0.52 a 119.18±0.71 a 46.83±0.42 a 165.92±1.97 a
MS 9.91±0.68 ab 104.54±1.28 b 36.33±1.45 c 149.88±11.85 b
HS 9.17±0.06 b 93.22±3.11 c 30.90±0.47 c 129.20±2.28 c
2023 DH605 CK 8.74±0.53 a 97.50±15.55 a 44.57±9.90 a 197.95±61.62 a
MS 8.45±0.25 a 74.34±9.84 ab 32.41±5.05 ab 171.13±17.51 ab
HS 7.15±0.45 b 63.66±10.99 b 24.80±4.56 b 101.46±15.11 b
WS69 CK 12.18±0.40 a 134.37±5.72 a 49.49±2.75 a 184.50±30.50 a
MS 11.97±0.64 a 127.50±12.33 a 54.42±10.52 a 177.89±11.40 a
HS 10.26±0.24 b 105.11±1.68 b 41.79±0.78 a 159.44±8.60 a
年份Year (Y) ** ** ** **
品种Variety (V) ** ** ** **
处理Treatment (T) ** ** ** **
年份×品种Y×V ** ** ** NS
年份×处理Y×T NS NS NS **
品种×处理V×T NS ** NS **
年份×品种×处理Y×V×T NS * ** **

图1

盐胁迫对夏玉米根系抗氧化酶活性和MDA含量的影响 SOD: 超氧化物歧化酶; POD: 过氧化物酶; CAT: 过氧化氢酶; MDA: 丙二醛。CK: 不施盐处理; MS: 1.5‰盐分胁迫; HS: 3.0‰盐分胁迫。DH605: 登海605; WS69: 万盛69。不同小写字母表示同一品种不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图2

盐胁迫对夏玉米根系活力和根系总呼吸速率的影响 CK: 不施盐处理; MS: 1.5‰盐分胁迫; HS: 3.0‰盐分胁迫。DH605: 登海605; WS69: 万盛69。不同小写字母表示同一品种不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图3

盐胁迫对夏玉米根系养分吸收效率的影响 CK: 不施盐处理; MS: 1.5‰盐分胁迫; HS: 3.0‰盐分胁迫。DH605: 登海605; WS69: 万盛69。不同小写字母表示同一品种不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图4

盐胁迫对不同生育时期夏玉米氮素积累量的影响 CK: 不施盐处理; MS: 1.5‰盐分胁迫; HS: 3.0‰盐分胁迫。DH605: 登海605; WS69: 万盛69。V12: 大喇叭口期; R1: 开花期; R3: 乳熟期; R6: 完熟期。不同小写字母表示同一品种不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图5

盐胁迫对不同生育时期夏玉米磷素积累量的影响 处理和缩写同图4。不同小写字母表示同一品种不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图6

盐胁迫对不同生育时期夏玉米钾素积累量的影响 处理和缩写同图4。不同小写字母表示同一品种不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图7

盐胁迫对夏玉米各生育时期生物量的影响 处理和缩写同图4。不同小写字母表示同一品种不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图8

盐胁迫对夏玉米产量及产量构成因素的影响 处理和缩写同图4。不同小写字母表示同一品种不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图9

产量、根系养分吸收效率与根系性状相关性分析 RDW: 根干重; RL: 根长; RSA: 根表面积; RV: 根体积; RACT: 根系活力; RRES: 根系总呼吸速率; SOD: 超氧化物歧化酶活性; POD: 过氧化物酶活性; CAT: 过氧化氢酶活性; MDA: 丙二醛含量; N-ACC: 氮素积累量; P-ACC: 磷素积累量; K-ACC: 钾素积累量; RNUE: 根系氮素吸收效率; RPUE: 根系磷素吸收效率; RKUE: 根系钾素吸收效率; Biomass: 生物量; Yield: 产量。*: P < 0.05。"

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