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玉米ǁ紫花苜蓿间作群体光分布特征及对植物性状和产量的影响

杨姝，白伟*，蔡倩*，杜桂娟   

  1. 辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所 / 农业农村部东北节水农业重点实验室，辽宁沈阳110161
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-16 修回日期:2025-06-01 接受日期:2025-06-01 网络出版日期:2025-06-10
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1500600), 国家自然科学基金(32101855), 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28090202), 辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC2401002)和辽宁省农业科学院学科建设项目(120520303)资助。

Characteristics of light distribution in maizeǁalfalfa intercropping systems and their effects on plant traits and yield

YANG Shu, BAI Wei*, CAI Qian*,DU Gui-Juan   

  1. Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture of Northeast of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2025-01-16 Revised:2025-06-01 Accepted:2025-06-01 Published online:2025-06-10
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1500600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32101855), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA28090202), the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC2401002) and the Subject Construction Program of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences (120520303).

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摘要：

为明确玉米∥紫花苜蓿间作群体光资源利用机制，筛选适宜东北旱作农业区适宜的最优行比配置方式，本研究于2021—2022年在典型旱作农业区辽宁阜新设置了2行玉米间作2行紫花苜蓿(2M2A)、2行玉米间作4行紫花苜蓿(2M4A)、4行玉米间作4行紫花苜蓿(4M4A)、玉米单作(M)和紫花苜蓿单作(A)5个试验处理的田间定位试验。研究了间作模式对玉米‖紫花苜蓿间作群体光分布及植物性状和产量的影响。结果表明：玉米‖紫花苜蓿间作系统中紫花苜蓿冠层PAR明显小于玉米冠层；玉米群体光环境因间作模式而得到改善，间作玉米穗位层透光率较单作玉米提高28.8%~178.4%，底层的透光率亦大于单作，但与单作差异不显著；紫花苜蓿群体光环境因间作模式变差，间作紫花苜蓿冠层透光率较单作紫花苜蓿降低21.4%~59.2%，底层透光率降低40.3%~50.3%；与单作玉米相比，间作玉米灌浆期的茎粗和单株叶面积增大，果穗长度显著增加，果穗直径略有增加，秃尖长度略有减小；间作玉米通过显著提高穗数和穗粒数显著提高了产量，增产幅度为13.29%~28.22%；间作紫花苜蓿干草产量较单作降低20.91%~49.20%。总之，间作模式改变了玉米‖紫花苜蓿间作群体的光分布，适宜的行比配置可以平衡玉米‖紫花苜蓿对光的竞争，改善植物性状，提高产量。3种间作模式相比较，2M4A土地当量比(1.01)最高，有一定的间作优势，其纯效益比单作玉米和单作苜蓿分别提高0.8%和10.5%；4M4A土地当量比为1.00，没有间作优势，其纯效益比单作玉米和单作苜蓿分别提高1.9%和11.8%。综合考虑间作优势和纯效益2个指标，2M4A是东北旱作农业区适宜的间作模式。

关键词: 玉米, 紫花苜蓿, 光分布, 植物性状, 产量

Abstract:

To elucidate the light resource utilization mechanism in maize‖alfalfa intercropping systems and identify the optimal row configuration for dryland agriculture in Northeast China, a field experiment was conducted in Fuxin, Liaoning—a representative dryland region—during 2021–2022. Five planting patterns were evaluated: intercropping of 2 rows of maize with 2 rows of alfalfa (2M2A), 2 rows of maize with 4 rows of alfalfa (2M4A), 4 rows of maize with 4 rows of alfalfa (4M4A), as well as sole maize (M) and sole alfalfa (A). The effects of intercropping on light distribution, plant traits, and yield were investigated. The results showed that the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) within the alfalfa canopy was significantly lower than that within the maize canopy. Intercropping improved the light environment of maize: compared with sole maize, light transmittance at the ear layer increased by 28.8%–178.4%, and a similar trend was observed at the canopy base, though differences were not statistically significant. In contrast, the light environment in intercropped alfalfa deteriorated, with canopy light transmittance reduced by 21.4%–59.2% and bottom light transmittance reduced by 40.3%–50.3% compared to sole alfalfa. Intercropping significantly increased stem diameter, leaf area per plant at the filling stage, and ear length of maize, while ear diameter slightly increased and bald tip length slightly decreased. Maize yield in intercropping systems increased by 13.29%–28.22%, mainly due to a significant increase in ear number and grains per ear. However, alfalfa hay yield decreased by 20.91%–49.20% compared to sole alfalfa. In summary, intercropping altered the light distribution within the maize ‖ alfalfa system. An appropriate row configuration can balance light competition between the two crops, improve plant traits, and enhance yield. Among the systems tested, 2M4A showed the highest land equivalent ratio (1.01), indicating a moderate intercropping advantage, and its net economic benefit was 0.8% and 10.5% higher than that of sole maize and sole alfalfa, respectively. Although the land equivalent ratio of 4M4A was 1.00 (no intercropping advantage), its net benefit was still 1.9% and 11.8% higher than that of sole maize and sole alfalfa. Considering both intercropping advantages and economic returns, 2M4A is recommended as a suitable intercropping model for dryland areas in Northeast China.

Key words: maize, alfalfa, light distribution, plant traits, yield

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