作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 539-551.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.55052
娄洪祥**,幸仁鹏**,汪波,王晶,徐正华,赵杰,蒯婕*,周广生
Lou Hong-Xiang**,Xing Ren-Peng**,Wang Bo,Wang Jing,Xu Zheng-Hua,Zhao Jie,Kuai Jie*,Zhou Guang-Sheng
摘要: 推迟冬油菜播种期可缓解长江中游地区稻油茬口矛盾,但迟播会使产量显著降低。为解析迟播和早播减产机制并探索增产途径,本研究以华油杂62和华油杂158为试验材料,于2018—2021年开展3年播种期田间试验(早播S1:9月20日;适播S2:10月1日;迟播S3:10月10日),系统分析产量、光温资源利用效率及碳代谢生理响应。研究结果表明:(1) S2提高了光温资源利用效率并实现了产量和产油量的显著提升。(2) 与S1相比,S2的生育期缩短,有效积温下降,但光温资源利用率显著提高;与S1和S3相比,S2叶片碳代谢酶(Rubisco、果糖1,6-二磷酸酶和蔗糖合成酶)活性上升,碳代谢水平的提高促进了叶片可溶性糖积累。(3) S2的花期冠层截光率和单叶光合能力均高于S1和S3,伤流液可溶性糖与氨基酸含量显著上升,促进光合产物向角果高效转运。因此,适播油菜充分利用光温资源,提高了积温生产效率和光能利用率,协同提高产量和品质。光温资源利用不足是迟播产量的重要限制因素,这对迟播油菜品种选育和栽培调控具有理论和指导意义。
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