欢迎访问作物学报，今天是
• •
张译尹**，王斌**，王腾飞，肖爱萍，胡海英，兰剑*
ZHANG Yi-Yin**,WANG Bin**,WANG Teng-Fei,XIAO Ai-Ping,HU Hai-Ying,LAN Jian*
摘要：
合理的豆‖禾间作种植模式具有明显的增产优势，然而，在不同生态位分离间作体系中，补偿效应和选择效应对不同间作体系的产量优势影响机理仍需进一步研究。本试验于2021—2022年以青贮玉米和拉巴豆为研究对象，以单作青贮玉米(SM)、单作拉巴豆(SL)为对照，设置青贮玉米与每穴1粒拉巴豆间作(ML1)、青贮玉米与每穴2粒拉巴豆间作(ML2)、青贮玉米与每穴3粒拉巴豆间作(ML3)、青贮玉米与每穴4粒拉巴豆间作(ML4) 4个处理。研究分析了不同间作模式下饲草生产力、土地当量比(land equivalent ratio, LER)、增产率、相对种间竞争力(relative interspecific competitiveness, RC)和净效应(net effect, NE)，以明确补偿效应(complementarity effect, CE) 和选择效应(selection effect, SE)在间作体系产量优势发挥中的角色。结果表明，青贮玉米与拉巴豆间作促进了系统饲草产量的形成，系统生产力均高于单作，其中ML2处理的总干草产量(35.19 t hm?2)和粗蛋白产量(3.24 t hm?2)达到最高，较SM分别提高了28.48%和65.10%。所有间作模式的LER均大于1，且LER与补偿效应呈显著正相关，与选择效应呈显著负相关；同时青贮玉米增产率与补偿效应呈显著正相关(P < 0.001)，与选择效应呈显著负相关。此外，拉巴豆播种比例较低的2个处理(ML1和ML2)主要通过补偿效应提升系统生产力，而ML3和ML4处理的增产则主要依赖于选择效应。因此，间作系统中的产量优势随拉巴豆播种比例的增加由补偿效应主导逐渐转变为选择效应主导。
| [1] Brooker R W, Karley A J, Newton A C, Pakeman R J, Schöb C. Facilitation and sustainable agriculture: a mechanistic approach to reconciling crop production and conservation. Funct Ecol, 2016, 30: 98–107. [2] Zhang Z X, Whish J P M, Bell L W, Nan Z B. Forage production, quality and water-use-efficiency of four warm-season annual crops at three sowing times in the Loess Plateau region of China. Eur J Agron, 2017, 84: 84–94. [3] Zhang F S, Li L. Using competitive and facilitative interactions in intercropping systems enhances crop productivity and nutrient-use efficiency. Plant Soil, 2003, 248: 305–312. [4] Wang Z K, Zhang X M, Ma Q H, Shen Y Y. Seed mixture of oats and common vetch on fertilizer and water-use reduction in a semi-arid alpine region. Soil Tillage Res, 2022, 219: 105329. [5] Li C J, Hoffland E, Kuyper T W, Yu Y, Zhang C C, Li H G, Zhang F S, van der Werf W. Syndromes of production in intercropping impact yield gains. Nat Plants, 2020, 6: 653–660. [6] Daryanto S, Fu B J, Zhao W W, Wang S, Jacinthe P A, Wang L X. Ecosystem service provision of grain legume and cereal intercropping in Africa. Agric Syst, 2020, 178: 102761. [7] Wang Z K, Jiang H L, Shen Y Y. Forage production and soil water balance in oat and common vetch sole crops and intercrops cultivated in the summer-autumn fallow season on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Eur J Agron, 2020, 115: 126042. [8] Xu R X, Zhao H M, Liu G B, Li Y, Li S J, Zhang Y J, Liu N, Ma L. Alfalfa and silage maize intercropping provides comparable productivity and profitability with lower environmental impacts than wheat–maize system in the North China Plain. Agric Syst, 2022, 195: 103305. [9] Liu X D, Meng L B, Yin T J, Wang X R, Zhang S, Cheng Z Y, Ogundeji A O, Li S M. Maize/soybean intercrop over time has higher yield stability relative to matched monoculture under different nitrogen-application rates. Field Crops Res, 2023, 301: 109015. [10] Su Y, Yu R P, Xu H S, Sun J H, Zhao J H, Zhang W P, Yang H, Surigaoge S, Callaway R M, Li L. Crop cultivar mixtures stabilize productivity, partly via facilitation, when conditions are less benign. Field Crops Res, 2023, 302: 109046. [11] Tan Y, Hu F L, Chai Q, Li G, Coulter J A, Zhao C, Yu A Z, Fan Z L, Yin W. Expanding row ratio with lowered nitrogen fertilization improves system productivity of maize/pea strip intercropping. Eur J Agron, 2020, 113: 125986. [12] Gong X W, Dang K, Lyu S M, Zhao G, Tian L X, Luo Y, Feng B L. Interspecific root interactions and water-use efficiency of intercropped proso millet and mung bean. Eur J Agron, 2020, 115: 126034. [13] 赵建华, 孙建好, 陈亮之, 李伟绮. 玉/豆间作产量优势中补偿效应和选择效应的角色. 作物学报, 2022, 48: 2588–2596. Zhao J H, Sun J H, Chen L Z, Li W Q. Role of complementarity and select effect for yield advantage of maize/legumes intercropping systems. Acta Agron Sin, 2022, 48: 2588–2596 (in Chinese with English abstract). [14] Loreau M, Hector A. Partitioning selection and complementarity in biodiversity experiments. Nature, 2001, 412: 72–86. [15] 李春杰. 种内/种间互作调控小麦/蚕豆间作体系作物生长与氮磷吸收的机制. 中国农业大学博士学位论文, 北京, 2018. Li C J. Mechanisms of Interspecific Interaction Regulating Crop Growth and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Absorption in Wheat/broad Bean Intercropping System. PhD Dissertation of China Agricultural University, Beijing, China, 2018 (in Chinese with English abstract). [16] Cahill J F Jr, McNickle G G, Haag J J, Lamb E G, Nyanumba S M, St. Clair C C. Plants integrate information about nutrients and neighbors. Science, 2010, 328: 1657. [17] Li X F, Wang C B, Zhang W P, Wang L H, Tian X L, Yang S C, Jiang W L, van Ruijven J, Li L. The role of complementarity and selection effects in P acquisition of intercropping systems. Plant Soil, 2018, 422: 479–493. [18] Zuo X A, Cheng H, Zhao S L, Yue P, Liu X P, Wang S K, Liu L X, Xu C, Luo W T, Knops J M H, et al. Observational and experimental evidence for the effect of altered precipitation on desert and steppe communities. Glob Ecol Conserv, 2020, 21: e00864. [19] 魏正业, 张海星, 石薇, 常生华, 张程, 贾倩民, 候扶江. 种植方式与施氮对西北旱区饲草作物产量,品质和水分利用的影响. 作物学报, 2022, 48: 2638–2653. Wei Z Y, Zhang H X, Shi W, Chang S H, Zhang C, Jia Q M, Hou F J. Effects of planting methods and nitrogen application on forage crop yield, quality and water use in arid area of northwest China. Acta Agron Sin, 2022, 48: 2638–2653 (in Chinese with English abstract). [20] Wang B, Deng J Q, Wang T F, Zhang Y Y, Lan J. Optimizing nitrogen application rates to maximize productivity while reducing environmental risk by regulating nitrogen and water utilization in mixed cropping systems. Agric Water Manag, 2024, 303: 109053. [21] 任家兵, 张梦瑶, 肖靖秀, 郑毅, 汤利. 小麦||蚕豆间作提高间作产量的优势及其氮肥响应. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2020, 28: 1890–1900. Ren J B, Zhang M Y, Xiao J X, Zheng Y, Tang L. heat and faba bean intercropping to improve yield and response to nitrogen. Chin J Eco-Agric, 2020, 28: 1890–1900 (in Chinese with English abstract). [22] Gazola B, Mariano E, Andrade M G O, Costa V E, Rosolem C A. Fate of fertilizer N applied to maize intercropped with forage grass and recovery of residual N by soybean in a double cropping system. Plant Soil, 2024, 496: 205–219. [23] Li Q Z, Sun J H, Wei X J, Christie P, Zhang F S, Li L. Overyielding and interspecific interactions mediated by nitrogen fertilization in strip intercropping of maize with faba bean, wheat and barley. Plant Soil, 2011, 339: 147–161. [24] Wang B, Deng J Q, Wang T F, Ni W, Feng Q, Lan J. Effect of seeding options on interspecific competition in oat (Avena sativa L.) – common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) forage crops. Agronomy, 2022, 12: 3119. [25] Latati M, Blavet D, Alkama N, Laoufi H, Drevon J J, Gérard F, Pansu M, Ounane S M. The intercropping cowpea-maize improves soil phosphorus availability and maize yields in an alkaline soil. Plant Soil, 2014, 385: 181–191. [26] Zhang W P, Gao S N, Li Z X, Xu H S, Yang H, Yang X, Fan H X, Su Y, Fornara D, Li L. Shifts from complementarity to selection effects maintain high productivity in maize/legume intercropping systems. J Applied Ecol, 2021, 58: 2603–2613. [27] Li L, Sun J H, Zhang F S, Li X L, Rengel Z, Yang S C. Wheat/maize or wheat/soybean strip intercropping: II. recovery or compensation of maize and soybean after wheat harvesting. Field Crops Res, 2001, 71: 173–181. [28] Umesh M R, Angadi S, Begna S, Gowda P, Lauriault L, Hagevoort R, Darapuneni M. Intercropping and species interactions on physiological and light use characteristics of forage cereals-legumes combinations in semi-arid regions. Field Crops Res, 2023, 290: 108755. [29] 马江萍, 张译尹, 王腾飞, 王斌, 兰剑. 饲用高粱与拉巴豆混播对种间关系及草地生产力的影响. 草业学报, 2025, 34: 111–122 Ma J P, Zhang Y Y, Wang T F, Wang B, Lan J. Interspecific relationship and forage productivity effects in mixed sowings of Sorghum bicolor and Dolichos lablab. Acta Pratac Sin, 2025, 34: 111–122 (in Chinese with English abstract). [30] Yan J Y, Ren T, Wang K K, Li H Z, Li X K, Cong R H, Lu J W. Improved crop yield and phosphorus uptake through the optimization of phosphorus fertilizer rates in an oilseed rape–rice cropping system. Field Crops Res, 2022, 286: 108614. [31] 王腾飞, 王斌, 邓建强, 李满有, 倪旺, 冯琴, 妥昀昀, 兰剑. 宁夏干旱区滴灌条件下拉巴豆不同播种量与甜高粱混播饲草生产性能研究. 草业学报, 2023, 32: 30–40. Wang T F, Wang B, Deng J Q, Li M Y, Ni W, Feng Q, Tuo Y Y, Lan J. Effect of sowing rate on yield and forage quality of a Dolichos lablab-Sorghum bicolor mixture under drip irrigation in arid areas of Ningxia. Acta Pratac Sin, 2023, 32: 30–40 (in Chinese with English abstract). [32] 董志晓, 何润濠, 况鉴洋, 聂聪, 杨建, 苟文龙, 马啸. 成都平原青贮玉米间作拉巴豆对混合饲草产量及品质的影响. 草业科学, 2021, 38: 1587–1595. Dong Z X, He R H, Kuang J Y, Nie C, Yang J, Gou W L, Ma X. Effects of intercropping Dolichos lablab with silage maize on the yield and quality of mixed forage in the Chengdu Plain, China. Pratac Sci, 2021, 38: 1587–1595 (in Chinese with English abstract). [33] Duchene O, Vian J F, Celette F. Intercropping with legume for agroecological cropping systems: complementarity and facilitation processes and the importance of soil microorganisms: a review. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 2017, 240: 148–161. [34] Yang F, Liao D P, Fan Y F, Gao R C, Wu X L, Rahman T, Yong T W, Liu W G, Liu J, Du J B, et al. Effect of narrow-row planting patterns on crop competitive and economic advantage in maize–soybean relay strip intercropping system. Plant Prod Sci, 2017, 20: 1–11. [35] Li R, Zhang Z X, Tang W, Huang Y F, Nan Z B. Effect of row configuration on yield and radiation use of common vetch-oat strip intercropping on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Eur J Agron, 2021, 128: 126290. [36] Ren W, Zhang Z X, Shen Y Y, Lin C, Yang X L, Wang G H, Yang K, Mi M, Liu Y, Wang H. Adjusting spatial use to establish productive and stable Elymus nutans monocultures and mixed sowing systems. Field Crops Res, 2023, 302: 109091. [37] Zhang R Z, Meng L B, Li Y, Wang X R, Ogundeji A O, Li X R, Sang P, Mu Y, Wu H L, Li S M. Yield and nutrient uptake dissected through complementarity and selection effects in the maize/soybean intercropping. Food Energy Secur, 2021, 10: 379–393. [38] 张润芝. 氮肥调控玉米/大豆间作生产力及养分吸收和土壤微生物作用机理的研究. 东北农业大学博士学位论文, 黑龙江哈尔滨, 2020. Zhang R Z. Study on Productivity, Nutrient Uptake and Mechanism of Soil Microbial Activity in Maize/Soybean Intercropping by Nitrogen Fertilizer. PhD Dissertation of Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, 2020 (in Chinese with English abstract). |
| [1] | 闫喆林, 任强, 樊志龙, 殷文, 孙亚丽, 范虹, 何蔚, 胡发龙, 闫丽娟, 柴强. 氮肥后移优化绿洲灌区小麦间作玉米种间关系提高氮素利用效率[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(8): 2190-2203. |
| [2] | 闫尚龙, 王琦明, 柴强, 殷文, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 刘志鹏, 韦金贵. 绿洲灌区玉米籽粒产量及品质对密植及间作豌豆的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(6): 1665-1675. |
| [3] | 张辰煜, 葛军勇, 褚俊聪, 王星宇, 赵宝平, 杨亚东, 臧华栋, 曾昭海. 燕麦红芸豆带状间作的产量效应及根系形态与土壤酶活性[J]. 作物学报, 2025, 51(2): 459-469. |
| [4] | 刘志鹏, 苟志文, 柴强, 殷文, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 范虹, 王琦明. 干旱灌区绿肥对多样化种植小麦玉米产量性能指标的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(9): 2415-2424. |
| [5] | 桑会哲, 王超, 樊志龙, 殷文, 范虹, 何蔚, 胡发龙, 柴强. 氮肥减施对青贮玉米豆科饲草间作系统水分利用特征的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(11): 2848-2859. |
| [6] | 王昀杰, 樊志龙, 张刁亮, 毛守发, 胡发龙, 殷文, 柴强. 不同灌水量下玉米的产量可持续性对间作绿肥的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(10): 2562-2574. |
| [7] | 袁晓婷, 王甜, 罗凯, 刘姗姗, 彭新月, 杨立达, 蒲甜, 王小春, 杨文钰, 雍太文. 带宽和株距对带状间作大豆物质积累分配及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2024, 50(1): 161-171. |
| [8] | 舒泽兵, 罗万宇, 蒲甜, 陈国鹏, 梁冰, 杨文钰, 王小春. 基于高产与高效条件下鲜食玉米鲜食大豆带状间作田间配置技术优化[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(4): 1140-1150. |
| [9] | 吴香奇, 刘博, 张威, 杨雪妮, 郭子艳, 刘铁宁, 张旭东, 韩清芳. 小麦豌豆间作对群体光合特性和生产力的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(4): 1079-1089. |
| [10] | 肖健, 韦星璇, 杨尚东, 卢文, 谭宏伟. 间作西瓜对甘蔗产量效益和根际土壤理化性质及微生态的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(2): 526-538. |
| [11] | 高超, 陈平, 杜青, 付智丹, 罗凯, 林萍, 李易玲, 刘姗姗, 雍太文, 杨文钰. 播期、密度对带状间作大豆茎叶生长及产量形成的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(11): 3090-3099. |
| [12] | 林志敏, 秦贤金, 吴红淼, 庞孜钦, 林文雄. 不同太子参品种对连作胁迫差异响应及种内间作效应分析[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(9): 2351-2365. |
| [13] | 李鑫, 王剑, 李亚兵, 韩迎春, 王占彪, 冯璐, 王国平, 熊世武, 李存东, 李小飞. 不同间套作模式对棉花产量和生物量累积、分配的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(8): 2041-2052. |
| [14] | 杨欢, 周颖, 陈平, 杜青, 郑本川, 蒲甜, 温晶, 杨文钰, 雍太文. 玉米-豆科作物带状间套作对养分吸收利用及产量优势的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(6): 1476-1487. |
| [15] | 赵建华, 孙建好, 陈亮之, 李伟绮. 玉/豆间作产量优势中补偿效应和选择效应的角色[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(10): 2588-2596. |
|
||
