作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 526-538.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24050
肖健1(), 韦星璇1, 杨尚东1, 卢文3,*(), 谭宏伟2,*()
XIAO Jian1(), WEI Xing-Xuan1, YANG Shang-Dong1, LU Wen3,*(), TAN Hong-Wei2,*()
摘要:
分析甘蔗间作西瓜对甘蔗产量、总经济效益、根际土壤生态及理化性质的影响, 旨在探究甘蔗间作西瓜模式的生态效应, 为进一步推广及应用甘蔗间作西瓜模式提供理论依据和技术支撑。基于传统和现代高通量测序技术, 分析间作和单作甘蔗产量、总经济效益、根际土壤理化性质及根际土壤细菌群落结构变化。与甘蔗单作(CK)相比, 甘蔗间作西瓜(TM)具有提高甘蔗产量和总经济效益的效果; 对甘蔗根际土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量无显著影响; 同时, 甘蔗间作西瓜对甘蔗根际土壤细菌多样性和丰富度亦无显著影响。另一方面, 门分类水平, 甘蔗间作西瓜虽然增加了放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和其他(others)门类优势细菌的相对丰度占比, 但亦缺失了浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)等门类优势细菌的富集; 属分类水平, 热酸菌属(Acidothermus)、慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)、norank_o__SC-I-84、Bryobacter、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、norank_f__ DA111、Candidatus_Solibacter、酸杆菌属(Acidibacter)和norank_f__Acidobacteriaceae__Subgroup_1_则是甘蔗单作(CK)模式下甘蔗根际土壤中特有的优势细菌属; 与之相比, 小单孢菌属(Micromonospora)、norank_f__Anaerolineaceae、unclassified_f__Micrococcaceae、norank_o__JG30-KF-CM45、norank_f__Elev-16S-1332、norank_c__Actinobacteria、卢得曼氏菌属(Luedemannella)、unclassified_f__Intrasporangiaceae、norank_f__Nitrosomonadaceae、unclassified_f__ Nocardioidaceae、norank_c__S085和Defluviicoccus则是甘蔗间作西瓜(TM)模式下, 甘蔗根际土壤中特有的优势细菌属。基因功能预测结果显示, 甘蔗间作西瓜并没有显著改变甘蔗植株根际土壤细菌的主体功能。与甘蔗单作相比, 甘蔗间作西瓜具有提高甘蔗产量和总经济效益的效果; 虽然没有显著改变甘蔗根际土壤理化性质, 同时亦没有显著提升甘蔗根际土壤细菌多样性、丰富度以及细菌主体功能, 仅改变了部分甘蔗根际土壤细菌的群落组成, 富集了诸如小单孢菌属(Micromonospora)等特有的优势细菌属。综上所述, 甘蔗间作西瓜有助于提高甘蔗产量和总经济效益, 虽不能显著提升甘蔗根际土壤肥力, 但亦没有造成甘蔗根际土壤细菌生态功能失衡或劣化, 只是改变了部分甘蔗根际土壤细菌群落组成, 但间套作西瓜富集的特有优势细菌属, 诸如小单孢菌属(Micromonospora)属细菌是具有增强甘蔗植株抗性功能的有益细菌属。
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