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作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 526-538.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24050

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

间作西瓜对甘蔗产量效益和根际土壤理化性质及微生态的影响

肖健1(), 韦星璇1, 杨尚东1, 卢文3,*(), 谭宏伟2,*()   

  1. 1广西大学农学院, 广西南宁 530004
    2广西壮族自治区农业科学院 / 广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室, 广西南宁 530007
    3广西扶绥县农业科学研究所, 广西扶绥 532199
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-08 接受日期:2022-07-21 出版日期:2022-08-22 网络出版日期:2022-08-22
  • 通讯作者: 卢文,谭宏伟
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 1318513279@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000600);广西学位与研究生教育改革专项课题(JGY2021013);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(Sugar, CARS170206)

Effects of intercropping with watermelons on cane yields, soil physicochemical properties and micro-ecology in rhizospheres of sugarcanes

XIAO Jian1(), WEI Xing-Xuan1, YANG Shang-Dong1, LU Wen3,*(), TAN Hong-Wei2,*()   

  1. 1Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
    2Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
    3Institute of Agricultural Science, Fusui 532199, Guangxi, China
  • Received:2022-03-08 Accepted:2022-07-21 Published:2022-08-22 Published online:2022-08-22
  • Contact: LU Wen,TAN Hong-Wei
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD1000600);Guangxi Academic Degree and Postgraduate Education Reform Special Project(JGY2021013);China Agriculture Research System(Sugar, CARS170206)

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摘要：

分析甘蔗间作西瓜对甘蔗产量、总经济效益、根际土壤生态及理化性质的影响, 旨在探究甘蔗间作西瓜模式的生态效应, 为进一步推广及应用甘蔗间作西瓜模式提供理论依据和技术支撑。基于传统和现代高通量测序技术, 分析间作和单作甘蔗产量、总经济效益、根际土壤理化性质及根际土壤细菌群落结构变化。与甘蔗单作(CK)相比, 甘蔗间作西瓜(TM)具有提高甘蔗产量和总经济效益的效果; 对甘蔗根际土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量无显著影响; 同时, 甘蔗间作西瓜对甘蔗根际土壤细菌多样性和丰富度亦无显著影响。另一方面, 门分类水平, 甘蔗间作西瓜虽然增加了放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和其他(others)门类优势细菌的相对丰度占比, 但亦缺失了浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)等门类优势细菌的富集; 属分类水平, 热酸菌属(Acidothermus)、慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)、norank_o__SC-I-84、Bryobacter、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、norank_f__ DA111、Candidatus_Solibacter、酸杆菌属(Acidibacter)和norank_f__Acidobacteriaceae__Subgroup_1_则是甘蔗单作(CK)模式下甘蔗根际土壤中特有的优势细菌属; 与之相比, 小单孢菌属(Micromonospora)、norank_f__Anaerolineaceae、unclassified_f__Micrococcaceae、norank_o__JG30-KF-CM45、norank_f__Elev-16S-1332、norank_c__Actinobacteria、卢得曼氏菌属(Luedemannella)、unclassified_f__Intrasporangiaceae、norank_f__Nitrosomonadaceae、unclassified_f__ Nocardioidaceae、norank_c__S085和Defluviicoccus则是甘蔗间作西瓜(TM)模式下, 甘蔗根际土壤中特有的优势细菌属。基因功能预测结果显示, 甘蔗间作西瓜并没有显著改变甘蔗植株根际土壤细菌的主体功能。与甘蔗单作相比, 甘蔗间作西瓜具有提高甘蔗产量和总经济效益的效果; 虽然没有显著改变甘蔗根际土壤理化性质, 同时亦没有显著提升甘蔗根际土壤细菌多样性、丰富度以及细菌主体功能, 仅改变了部分甘蔗根际土壤细菌的群落组成, 富集了诸如小单孢菌属(Micromonospora)等特有的优势细菌属。综上所述, 甘蔗间作西瓜有助于提高甘蔗产量和总经济效益, 虽不能显著提升甘蔗根际土壤肥力, 但亦没有造成甘蔗根际土壤细菌生态功能失衡或劣化, 只是改变了部分甘蔗根际土壤细菌群落组成, 但间套作西瓜富集的特有优势细菌属, 诸如小单孢菌属(Micromonospora)属细菌是具有增强甘蔗植株抗性功能的有益细菌属。

关键词: 间作, 甘蔗, 西瓜, 土壤细菌, 高通量测序

Abstract:

To provide theoretical basis for developing sugarcane intercropping cultivation system, cane yields, total economic benefit, soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community structure in rhizospheres of sugarcane intercropping with watermelon were analyzed. Based on traditional and modern high-throughput sequencing techniques, cane yields, total economic benefit, soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community structure in rhizosphere of sugarcanes between monoculture (CK) and sugarcane intercropping with watermelons (TM) were analyzed. Compared with CK, the contents of soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP) and potassium (TK), and the contents of available nitrogen (AN), phosphorus (AP) and potassium (AK) were all not significantly altered in sugarcane intercropping with watermelons system. Meanwhile, soil bacterial diversity, richness and soil bacterial functions were also not significantly changed in sugarcane intercropping with watermelons system. In addition, although some soil dominant bacterial phyla, such as Actinobacteria and other could be enriched, but Planctomycetes and Bacteroidetes also lost in rhizospheres of sugarcanes in TM treatments also lost. Meanwhile, Acidothermus, Bradyrhizobium, norank_o__SC-I-84, Bryobacter, Streptomyces, norank_f__DA111, Candidatus_Solibacter, Acidibacter and norank_f__Acidobacteriaceae__Subgroup_1_ were the unique soil dominant bacterial genera in rhizospheres of sugarcanes in CK. By contrast, Micromonospora, norank_f__Anaerolineaceae, unclassified_f__Micrococcaceae, norank_o__JG30-KF-CM45, norank_f__Elev-16S-1332, norank_c__Actinobacteria, Luedemannella, unclassified_f__Intrasporangiaceae, norank_f__ Nitrosomonadaceae, unclassified_f__Nocardioidaceae, norank_c__S085 and Defluviicoccus were the specific soil dominant bacterial genera in rhizospheres sugarcanes in TM treatment. Moreover, there were no significantly different in the functions of soil bacteria in rhizospheres of sugarcanes between TM and CK treatments, suggesting that soil bacterial functions in rhizospheres of sugarcanes did not significantly alter by intercropping with watermelons. In comparison with sugarcane monoculture, cane yields and total economic benefit all could be improved. In addition, soil physicochemical properties and soil bacterial diversity, richness and functions in rhizospheres of sugarcanes could not be significantly improved by intercropping with watermelons. However, the compositions of soil bacterial communities were altered, such as Micromonospora, enriched as the unique soil dominant bacterial genera in rhizospheres of sugarcanes intercropping with watermelons. All the above results showed that not only cane yields and total economic benefit could be improved but also soil physicochemical properties were not decreased. Furthermore, soil bacterial functions also were not significantly deteriorated, just the compositions of soil bacterial communities were partly altered by intercropping with watermelons. The stress resistance properties of sugarcanes could be improved by intercropping with watermelons for some benefit bacteria, such as Micromonospora enriched in rhizospheres of sugarcanes under sugarcane/watermelon intercropping systems.

Key words: intercropping, sugarcane, watermelon, soil bacteria, high-throughput sequencing

表1

甘蔗间作西瓜模式下甘蔗和西瓜产量及总经济效益"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 甘蔗产量
Yield of sugarcane
(t hm-2)		 西瓜产量
Yield of watermelon
(t hm-2)		 总经济效益
Total economic benefit
(Yuan hm-2)
2016 TM 80.33±0.75 a 13.30±0.44 53,366.67±765.40 a
CK 80.63±1.29 a — 40,316.67±642.91 a
2017 TM 80.83±0.81 a 13.57±0.32 53,983.33±728.58 a
CK 80.33±0.75 a — 40,166.67±375.28 a
2018 TM 81.13±0.93 a 13.50±0.36 54,066.67±579.51 a
CK 80.60±0.75 a — 40,300.00±377.49 a

表2

甘蔗间作西瓜模式下甘蔗根际土壤理化性质"

处理
Treat-
ment		 pH 土壤有机质
SOM
(g kg-1)		 全氮
TN
(g kg-1)		 全磷
TP
(g kg-1)		 全钾
TK
(g kg-1)		 碱解氮
AN
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
AP
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
AK
(mg kg-1)
TM 4.93±0.06 a 20.23±0.15 a 0.42±0.01 a 0.45±0.01 a 9.10±0.10 a 39.00±1.00 a 15.33±1.53 a 80.00±1.00 a
CK 4.93±0.15 a 20.07±0.25 a 0.39±0.01 a 0.44±0.01 a 9.07±0.06 a 36.00±1.00 a 12.00±1.00 a 76.33±1.53 a

表3

甘蔗间作西瓜模式下甘蔗根际土壤细菌Alpha多样性"

处理
Treatment		 香农指数
Shannon index		 辛普森指数
Simpson index		 Ace指数
Ace index		 Chao1指数
Chao1 index
TM 6.10±0.16 a 0.0064±0.0031 a 2014.77±248.17 a 2084.61±259.09 a
CK 6.14±0.12 a 0.0061±0.0007 a 2049.02±152.34 a 2089.24±156.58 a

图1

甘蔗间作西瓜模式下甘蔗根际土壤细菌门分类水平组成 TM: 甘蔗间作西瓜; CK: 甘蔗单作。"

图2

甘蔗间作西瓜模式下甘蔗根际土壤细菌属分类水平细菌组成 TM: 甘蔗间作西瓜; CK: 甘蔗单作。"

图3

甘蔗间作西瓜模式下甘蔗根际土壤细菌的LEfSe分析结果(LDA阈值为3.5) TM: 甘蔗间作西瓜; CK: 甘蔗单作。"

图4

甘蔗间作西瓜模式下甘蔗根际土壤细菌属分类水平Venn图 TM: 甘蔗间作西瓜; CK: 甘蔗单作。"

图5

细菌BugBase表型预测 TM: 甘蔗间作西瓜; CK: 甘蔗单作。*表示在0.05水平差异显著。"

图6

间作和单作甘蔗根际土壤细菌一级(A)和二级功能层(B)预测功能基因的相对丰度 TM: 甘蔗间作西瓜; CK: 甘蔗单作。"

图7

丰度前10个土壤细菌门和土壤理化性质相关性热图 TK: 全钾; pH: pH值; TP: 全磷; SOM: 有机质; TN: 全氮; AP: 速效磷; AN: 碱解氮; AK: 速效钾; TM: 甘蔗间作西瓜; CK: 甘蔗单作。X轴和Y轴分别为环境因子和门, 通过计算获得相关性r值和P值。r值在图中以不同颜色展示, 右侧图例是不同r值的颜色区间; *、**、***分别表示在0.05、0.01、0.001水平差异显著。"

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