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玉米配置不同豆科作物对间作体系产量稳定性的影响

王彦婷1,2,逄蕾1,*,赵建华2,*,郑浩飞1,2,麻文浩1   

  1. 1 省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室 / 甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州730070; 2 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所, 甘肃兰州730070
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-06 修回日期:2025-09-10 接受日期:2025-09-10 网络出版日期:2025-09-23
  • 通讯作者: 逄蕾, E-mail: 125530457@qq.com; 赵建华, E-mail: zhaojianhuatt@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(32060261, 32160525), 永登县庄浪河(柳树镇-红城镇)段土地整治和生态修复综合治理项目(GSAU-JSYF-2024-22)资助。

Effect of different legume configurations with maize on yield stability of intercropping systems

WANG Yan-Ting1,2,PANG Lei1,**,ZHAO Jian-Hua2,**,ZHENG Hao-Fei1,2,MA Wen-Hao1   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Arid Habit Crop Science / College of Agriculture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China; 2 Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-Saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2025-06-06 Revised:2025-09-10 Accepted:2025-09-10 Published online:2025-09-23
  • Contact: 逄蕾, E-mail: 125530457@qq.com; 赵建华, E-mail: zhaojianhuatt@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32060261, 32160525) and the Comprehensive Project for Land Consolidation and Ecological Restoration of the Zhuanglang River Section (Liushu Town-Hongcheng Town) in Yongdeng County (GSAU-JSYF-2024-22).

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摘要：

为探究玉米配置不同豆科作物对间作体系产量及其稳定性的影响，于2017年在甘肃省农业科学院张掖节水农业试验站进行4年大田试验，试验为单因素随机区组设计，设玉米‖豌豆(maize ‖ pea，M‖P)、玉米‖蚕豆(maize ‖ faba bean，M‖F)及玉米‖大豆(maize ‖ soybean，M‖S) 3种间作模式及配对作物单作，测定籽粒产量并计算超产率、相对相互作用指数及作物产量稳定性等相关指标。结果表明，3种玉米‖豆科作物均能提高豆科作物产量稳定性，其中玉米‖大豆时体系产量稳定性最高，间作蚕豆较单作产量稳定性增幅最高。通过计算豆科作物产量稳定性发现，间作较单作提高蚕豆产量稳定性184.18%，M‖P和M‖S较单作产量稳定性有所提高但未达显著水平。分析玉米产量稳定性发现，M‖P中间作玉米较单作产量稳定性降低62.21%，M‖F和M‖S中玉米较单作产量稳定性均有所提高，但并无显著差异。玉米‖豆科作物有显著间作产量优势，其中M‖S中玉米增产最高，豆科作物中蚕豆增产最高。具体而言，玉米‖豆科作物较单作加权产量平均提高16.71%，其中M‖S、M‖P和M‖F分别增产27.02%、16.75%和6.80%。相较单作豆科作物，间作蚕豆、豌豆增产，大豆减产，总体表现为蚕豆＞豌豆＞大豆，分别为82.24、71.48%和?14.63%。不同间作体系玉米超产率表现为M‖S＞M‖P＞M‖F，分别为32.92%、13.47%和0.30%。计算相对相互作用指数发现，M‖P、M‖F和M‖S的RIIM (relative interaction index-maize, 玉米相对相互作用指数)值分别为0.05、?0.01和0.14，RIIL (relative interaction index-legumes，豆科作物相对相互作用指数)值分别为0.25、0.28和?0.08；在M‖S中玉米较大豆具有竞争优势，M‖F中蚕豆为优势作物，而M‖P中豌豆和玉米表现为相互促进作用。同时研究发现时间生态位分离程度与豆科作物超产率和RIIL呈正相关，与RIIM呈负相关；体系超产率与RIIM呈极显著正相关，玉米和豆科作物的超产率与RIIM和RIIL呈极显著正相关。因此，在河西走廊中部，玉米‖大豆是保障作物高产、稳产的多样化种植模式。

关键词: 间作, 时间生态位分离, 玉米‖豆科间作, 产量稳定性, 种间相互作用

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of intercropping maize with different leguminous crops on yield and system stability, a four-year field experiment was conducted starting in 2017 at the Zhangye Water-Saving Agriculture Experiment Station, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The study employed a single-factor randomized block design, including three intercropping patterns—maize ‖ pea (M‖P), maize ‖ faba bean (M‖F), and maize ‖ soybean (M‖S)—alongside corresponding monocultures. Grain yield was measured, and indicators such as overyielding, relative interaction index, and crop yield stability were calculated. Results showed that all three maize ‖ legume systems improved the yield stability of the leguminous crops. Among them, M‖S exhibited the highest legume yield stability, while M‖F showed the greatest improvement in legume yield stability compared to monoculture, with an increase of 184.18%. Although M‖P and M‖S also improved legume yield stability by 2.93% and 489.63%, respectively, these increases were not statistically significant. Analysis of maize yield stability revealed that maize in M‖P had 62.21% lower stability compared to monoculture. In contrast, maize yield stability in M‖F and M‖S improved, although no significant differences were observed among the three intercropping systems. Yield analysis demonstrated significant intercropping advantages for both maize and legumes. Maize yield increased most in M‖S, while faba bean had the highest legume yield increase. On average, the weighted yield of maize and legumes increased by 16.71% compared to monoculture. Specifically, yields in M‖S, M‖P, and M‖F increased by 27.02%, 16.75%, and 6.80%, respectively. Compared to monoculture legumes, intercropping increased yields of faba bean and pea by 82.24% and 71.48%, respectively, while soybean yield decreased by 14.63%, showing an overall performance ranking of faba bean > pea > soybean. Overyielding of maize across intercropping systems followed the order M‖S > M‖P > M‖F, with increases of 32.92%, 13.47%, and 0.30%, respectively. Relative Interaction Index analysis showed that the RIIM (Relative interaction index for maize) values for M‖P, M‖F, and M‖S were 0.05, ?0.01, and 0.14, respectively, while the RIIL (Relative interaction index for legumes) values were 0.25, 0.28, and ?0.08. Maize had a competitive advantage over soybean in M‖S; faba bean was dominant in M‖F; and M‖P displayed mutual promotion between maize and pea. Additionally, temporal niche separation was positively correlated with both overyielding and RIIL in legumes, and negatively correlated with RIIM. System-wide overyielding was significantly positively correlated with RIIM, and the overyielding of both maize and legumes was strongly positively correlated with both RIIM and RIIL. Therefore, intercropping maize with soybean presents a diversified planting model that ensures high and stable yields in the central region of the Hexi Corridor.

Key words: intercropping, temporal niche differentiation, maize ‖ legumes intercropping, crop yield stability, species interaction

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