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大豆玉米不同条带间作对玉米带水热时空动态变化及玉米产量效益的影响

陈宣伊1,2,3,张健伟1,2,张向前1,2,*,葛国龙3,路战远1,2,3,*,郭星星4,马子惠4,李欣艺4,陈立宇1,2   

  1. 1 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010031; 2 农业农村部黑土地保护与利用重点实验室, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010031; 3 内蒙古大学生命科学学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010020; 4 内蒙古农业大学农学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010019
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-15 修回日期:2025-10-30 接受日期:2025-10-30 网络出版日期:2025-11-07
  • 通讯作者: 张向前, E-mail: zhangxiangqian_2008@126.com; 路战远, E-mail: lzhy2811@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFDZ0071)，内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目(2023CXJJN18)，内蒙古自治区科技领军人才项目(2022LJRC0010)和内蒙古自治区草原英才科技计划项目资助。

Study on the impact of different soybean–maize strip intercropping patterns on the spatio-temporal dynamics of water and heat in maize strips and on maize yield and economic returns

Chen Xuan-Yi1,2,3,Zhang Jian-Wei1,2,Zhang Xiang-Qian1,2,*,Ge Guo-Long3,Lu Zhan-Yuan1,2,3,*,Guo Xing-Xing4,Ma Zi-Hui4,Li Xin-Yi4,Chen Li-Yu1,2   

  1. 1 Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, China;2 Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia, China; 3 School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, China; 4 College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2025-07-15 Revised:2025-10-30 Accepted:2025-10-30 Published online:2025-11-07
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Science and Technology Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2022YFDZ0071), the Inner Mongolia Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Innovation Fund (2023CXJJN18), the Science and Technology Leading Talent Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2022LJRC0010), and the Prairie Talent Science and Technology Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

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摘要： 为明确内蒙古东北黑土区适宜的大豆‖玉米条带间作模式，于2023年和2024年在大兴安岭东麓阿荣旗以玉米和大豆为供试材料，系统研究了玉米大豆不同间作模式2行玉米‖2行大豆(M2S2)、4行玉米‖4行大豆(M4S4)、4行玉米‖2行大豆(M4S2)、6行玉米‖6行大豆(M6S6)、6行玉米‖4行大豆(M6S4)和6行玉米‖2行大豆(M6S2)的玉米带土壤水热时空动态变化规律及产量差异。结果表明，(1) M4S4和M2S2土壤含水量在关键生育时期普遍高于其余处理，土壤表层温度显著低于其余处理；M2S2在抽雄—吐丝期和灌浆期的土壤含水量分别比其他处理增加1.59%~16.85%和1.89%~14.82%，与M4S4差异不显著；同时2个处理在全生育时期下表现出较为均匀的水分分布；(2) 玉米单株产量、水分利用效率均以M2S2最高、M4S4次高；M4S4土地当量比最高，在2年间分别为1.61和1.60，复合种植系统的产投比也以M4S4最高，达6.61，比其他处理提高7.39%~32.28%。综上所述，M4S4带状间作布局是较适宜内蒙古东北黑土区推广的大豆‖玉米带状间作种植模式。

关键词: 玉米, 间作, 土壤温度, 土壤含水量, 产量, 经济效益

Abstract:

To identify the optimal intercropping pattern of soybean and maize in the black soil region of Northeast Inner Mongolia, a systematic field study was conducted in 2023 and 2024 in Arong Banner, located at the eastern foothills of the Greater Xing'an Range, using maize and soybean as experimental crops. The study examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil moisture and temperature within maize strips and assessed yield differences across various intercropping configurations: 2 rows of maize ‖ 2 rows of soybean (M2S2), 4 rows of maize ‖ 4 rows of soybean (M4S4), 4 rows of maize ‖ 2 rows of soybean (M4S2), 6 rows of maize ‖ 6 rows of soybean (M6S6), 6 rows of maize ‖ 4 rows of soybean (M6S4), and 6 rows of maize ‖ 2 rows of soybean (M6S2). The results showed that (1) the soil moisture in M4S4 and M2S2 treatments was generally higher than in the other configurations during critical growth stages, while surface soil temperature was significantly lower. Compared with other treatments, M2S2 increased soil moisture by 1.59% to 16.85% during the tasseling–silking stage and by 1.89% to 14.82% during the grain-filling stage, with no significant difference from M4S4. Both treatments also exhibited relatively uniform water distribution throughout the growth period. (2) Maize in the M2S2 treatment achieved the highest single-plant yield and water use efficiency, followed by M4S4. M4S4 recorded the highest land equivalent ratio, reaching 1.61 and 1.60 in 2023 and 2024, respectively. Furthermore, M4S4 exhibited the highest input-output ratio of the intercropping systems, reaching 6.61, 7.39% to 32.28% higher than in other treatments. In conclusion, the M4S4 strip intercropping layout is identified as the most suitable pattern for soybean–maize intercropping in the black soil region of Northeast Inner Mongolia.

Key words: maize, intercropping, soil temperature, soil moisture, yield, economic benefit

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