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花后弱光对软质小麦干物质积累转运、籽粒产量和淀粉品质的影响

杨婷婷1，陈娟1，ABDUL Rehman1，李婧1，闫素辉1，汪建来2,*，李文阳1,*


  

  1. 1 安徽科技学院农学院, 安徽凤阳233100; 2 安徽省农业科学院作物研究所, 安徽合肥230031
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-24 修回日期:2025-03-27 接受日期:2025-03-27 出版日期:2025-04-01 网络出版日期:2025-04-01
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由安徽省高校协同创新项目(GXXT-2021-089), 安徽省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(小麦), 安徽自然科学基金项目(1408085MC48), 安徽省科技特派员项目(2023tpt035)和凤阳县科技计划项目(2024NY-02)资助。

Effects of weak light post-anthesis on dry matter accumulation and translocation, grain yield, and starch quality in soft wheat

YANG Ting-Ting1,CHEN Juan1,ABDUL Rehman1,LI Jing1,YAN Su-Hui1,WANG Jian-Lai2,*, LI Wen-Yang1,*   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, Anhui, China; 2 Institute of Crop, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
  • Received:2024-10-24 Revised:2025-03-27 Accepted:2025-03-27 Published:2025-04-01 Published online:2025-04-01
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Collaborative Innovation Project of Universities in Anhui Province (GXXT-2021-089), the Special Funds for the Construction of Agricultural Research System in Anhui Province (Wheat), the Anhui Natural Science Foundation Project (1408085MC48), the Sci-tech Commissioner Project in Anhui Province (2023tpt035), and the Science and Technology Planning Project of Fengyang County (2024NY-02).

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摘要：

探究花后弱光对软质小麦干物质积累转运、籽粒产量和淀粉品质的影响，为江淮地区软质小麦抗逆优质丰产栽培技术提供参考。于2022—2024年度，在大田条件下，以软质小麦品种荃麦725 (QM725)和扬麦15 (YM15)为材料，试验于小麦灌浆期(开花后7~35 d)设置3个遮光处理，即遮光10% (S1)、遮光20% (S2)和遮光30% (S3)，以自然光照条件作为对照(CK)。研究花后弱光胁迫对软质小麦干物质积累转运、籽粒产量和淀粉品质形成的影响。结果表明，与对照(CK)相比，花后弱光显著增加了花前器官同化物的转运量、转运率以及对籽粒的贡献率，减少了花后光合同化物的积累量以及籽粒贡献率。花后不同弱光处理后，显著降低了小麦穗粒数和千粒重，进而导致籽粒产量降低，且在各处理下，虽提高了小麦籽粒蛋白质含量，但显著降低了籽粒淀粉含量、籽粒蛋白质和淀粉积累量。花后弱光胁迫下，显著降低了软质小麦B型淀粉粒(粒径≤10.0 μm)体积、表面积和数目百分比，增加了A型淀粉粒(粒径＞10.0 μm)体积、表面积百分比，对软质小麦籽粒A型淀粉粒数目百分比无显著影响，只有年份间差异显著。在B型淀粉粒中，弱光对粒径0.1~2.8 μm淀粉粒体积百分比的影响大于2.8~10.0 μm淀粉粒。在A型淀粉粒中，弱光对粒径＞22.0 μm淀粉粒体积百分比的影响大于10.0~22.0 μm淀粉粒。不同程度弱光处理下，小麦峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度等糊化特性均显著降低，且虽提高了淀粉热焓值参数，但显著降低了起始温度、峰值温度和终止温度。花后弱光显著影响了小麦干物质积累、转运以及对籽粒的贡献率，并降低了小麦穗粒数、千粒重和籽粒产量，虽提高了籽粒蛋白质含量，但显著降低了籽粒淀粉含量，从而影响了小麦籽粒产量的形成。随着花后光照强度的降低，对B型淀粉粒的影响较大于A型淀粉粒，即B型淀粉粒体积、表面积和数目占比降低，A型淀粉粒体积和表面积占比增加，小麦峰值黏度等糊化参数、起始温度、峰值温度和终止温度等显著降低，最终影响小麦籽粒品质。

关键词: 软质小麦, 弱光, 干物质积累转运, 籽粒产量, 粒度分布, 糊化特性

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of post-anthesis weak light stress on dry matter accumulation and translocation, grain yield, and starch quality in soft wheat, and to provide insights for optimizing high-yield, high-quality cultivation techniques in the Jianghuai region, a field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2024 using two soft wheat cultivars, Quanmai 725 (QM725) and Yangmai 15 (YM15). Three shading treatments were applied during the grain-filling stage (7–35 days post-anthesis): S1 (10% shading), S2 (20% shading), and S3 (30% shading), with natural light conditions serving as the control (CK). The results showed that, compared to the control, post-anthesis weak light stress significantly increased the translocation amount, translocation rate, and contribution rate of pre-anthesis assimilates to the grain, while decreasing the accumulation and grain contribution rate of post-anthesis photosynthetic assimilates. Weak light stress also led to a significant reduction in both the number of grains per spike and the 1000-grain weight, ultimately decreasing grain yield. Despite an increase in grain protein content under all shading treatments, starch content, as well as the accumulation of both grain protein and starch, was significantly reduced. Furthermore, weak light stress after anthesis markedly decreased the volume, surface area, and numerical proportion of B-type starch granules (particle size ≤10 μm) in soft wheat grains, while increasing the volume and surface area proportion of A-type starch granules (particle size >10 μm). However, the numerical proportion of A-type starch granules remained largely unaffected, with significant variation observed between years. Among B-type starch granules, weak light stress had a greater impact on those with a particle size of 0.1–2.8 μm than on those ranging from 2.8–10.0 μm. Similarly, among A-type starch granules, the impact on granules larger than 22.0 μm was more pronounced than on those between 10.0 and 22.0 μm. In addition, weak light stress significantly reduced key pasting properties of wheat starch, including peak viscosity, trough viscosity, and final viscosity. Although starch enthalpy parameters improved, the onset, peak, and conclusion temperatures of gelatinization were significantly reduced. Overall, post-anthesis weak light stress strongly influenced dry matter accumulation, translocation, and its contribution to grain formation, leading to a reduction in grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight, and overall grain yield. While protein content increased, starch content significantly declined, thereby negatively affecting yield formation. As light intensity decreased after anthesis, B-type starch granules were more affected than A-type granules, with reductions in their volume, surface area, and numerical proportion, while A-type granules exhibited an increase in volume and surface area. Additionally, weakened gelatinization characteristics, including reduced peak viscosity, onset temperature, peak temperature, and conclusion temperature, ultimately impaired wheat grain quality.

Key words: soft wheat, weak light, dry matter accumulation and transport, grain yield, granule size distribution, pasting properties

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