基于40K SNP芯片的陆地棉产量构成因素全基因组关联分析及单铃重位点挖掘

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44199

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

棉花经济产量主要受单株铃数、单铃重和衣分等产量构成因素的影响，解析棉花产量构成因素的遗传机制对指导分子育种具有重要意义。本研究以612份陆地棉品种(系)构成的自然群体为研究材料，利用基于液相探针杂交的40K SNP芯片进行基因型分型，并在5个自然环境下调查单株铃数、单铃重、衣分及籽棉产量等性状。通过全基因组关联分析共检测到6个显著关联位点，包括与单株铃数相关的2个位点(A03、A05染色体)、与单铃重相关的1个位点(A07染色体)、与衣分相关的1个位点(D01染色体)和与籽棉产量相关的2个位点(A05、D07染色体)。其中，位于A07染色体89.01~90.45 Mb区间的QTL在5个环境中与单铃重显著关联(P=5.3646×10^?8)，表现出较高的稳定性。通过单倍型分析发现该区间存在2个主要单倍型，携带有利单倍型的材料平均单铃重显著增加0.64 g。结合深度重测序数据和转录组数据分析，在该区间鉴定到7个候选基因，并确定了可用于分子标记开发的关键SNP位点。本研究不仅丰富了陆地棉产量性状的遗传解析结果，而且为高产育种提供了重要的分子信息。

关键词: 陆地棉, 产量构成要素, 全基因组关联分析, 单铃重, 高产育种

Abstract:

Cotton yield is primarily determined by key yield components, including boll number per plant, boll weight, and lint percentage. Understanding the genetic basis of these traits is essential for advancing molecular breeding strategies. In this study, a natural population of 612 upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) accessions was genotyped using a 40K SNP array based on liquid-phase probe hybridization technology. Phenotypic data for boll number per plant, boll weight, lint percentage, and seed cotton yield were collected across five different environments. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified six significant loci: two associated with boll number per plant (on chromosomes A03 and A05), one with boll weight (on chromosome A07), one with lint percentage (on chromosome D01), and two with seed cotton yield (on chromosomes A05 and D07). Notably, a stable QTL located between 89.01 and 90.45 Mb on chromosome A07 was consistently associated with boll weight across all five environments (P=5.3646×10^?8). Haplotype analysis of this region revealed two major haplotypes, with accessions carrying the favorable haplotype exhibiting a significant increase in boll weight of 0.64 g. By integrating whole-genome resequencing and transcriptome data, seven candidate genes were identified within this region, and a key SNP variant was pinpointed for potential use in molecular marker development. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic architecture of cotton yield traits and offer valuable molecular resources for high-yield cotton breeding programs.

Key words: upland cotton, yield components, GWAS, boll weight, high-yield breeding

李宜谦, 徐守振, 刘萍, 马麒, 谢斌, 陈红. 基于40K SNP芯片的陆地棉产量构成因素全基因组关联分析及单铃重位点挖掘[J]. 作物学报, 0, (): 0-.

LI Yi-Qian, XU Shou-Zhen, LIU Ping, MA Qi, XIE Bin, CHEN Hong. Genome-wide association study of yield components using a 40K SNP array and identification of a stable locus for boll weight in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 0, (): 0-.

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