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作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 552-564.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.53035

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

青贮玉米‖拉巴豆间作系统产量优势对空间配置的响应

张译尹(), 王斌(), 王腾飞, 肖爱萍, 胡海英, 兰剑()   

  1. 宁夏大学林业与草业学院 / 宁夏草牧业工程研究中心 / 农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室, 宁夏银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-06 接受日期:2025-09-10 出版日期:2026-02-12 网络出版日期:2025-09-22
  • 通讯作者: *兰剑 Jie E-mail:ndlanjian@163.com
  • 作者简介:张译尹, E-mail: 2543378861@qq.com;王斌, E-mail: 2415540536@qq.com

    **同等贡献

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32201474);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(草学学科)项目(NXYLXK2017A01);“一年两熟”人工草地可持续发展模式研究与示范项目(2021BBF02001)

Yield advantage of the silage maize ‖ lablab intercropping system in response to spatial configuration

Zhang Yi-Yin(), Wang Bin(), Wang Teng-Fei, Xiao Ai-Ping, Hu Hai-Ying, Lan Jian()   

  1. College of Forestry and Grassland, Ningxia University / Ningxia Grassland Rangeland Engineering Research Center / Key Laboratory of Forage Efficient Production Mode Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
  • Received:2025-06-06 Accepted:2025-09-10 Published:2026-02-12 Published online:2025-09-22
  • Contact: *Lan Jian Jie E-mail:ndlanjian@163.com
  • About author:

    **Contributed equally to this work

  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201474);the Ningxia Higher Education Institution First-Class Discipline Construction Project (Grassland Science Discipline)(NXYLXK2017A01);the Research and Demonstration Project on the Sustainable Development Model of “Two Crops per Year” Artificial Grasslands(2021BBF02001)

摘要:

合理的豆‖禾间作种植模式具有明显的增产优势, 然而, 在不同生态位分离间作体系中, 补偿效应和选择效应对不同间作体系的产量优势影响机理仍需进一步研究。本试验于2021—2022年以青贮玉米和拉巴豆为研究对象, 以单作青贮玉米(SM)、单作拉巴豆(SL)为对照, 设置青贮玉米与每穴1粒拉巴豆间作(ML1)、青贮玉米与每穴2粒拉巴豆间作(ML2)、青贮玉米与每穴3粒拉巴豆间作(ML3)、青贮玉米与每穴4粒拉巴豆间作(ML4) 4个处理。研究分析了不同间作模式下饲草生产力、土地当量比(land equivalent ratio, LER)、增产率、相对种间竞争力(relative interspecific competitiveness, RC)和净效应(net effect, NE), 以明确补偿效应(complementarity effect, CE) 和选择效应(selection effect, SE)在间作体系产量优势发挥中的角色。结果表明, 青贮玉米与拉巴豆间作促进了系统饲草产量的形成, 系统生产力均高于单作, 其中ML2处理的总干草产量(35.19 t hm-2)和粗蛋白产量(3.24 t hm-2)达到最高, 较SM分别提高了28.48%和64.64%。所有间作模式的LER均大于1, 且LER与补偿效应呈显著正相关, 与选择效应呈显著负相关; 同时青贮玉米增产率与补偿效应呈显著正相关(P < 0.001), 与选择效应呈显著负相关。此外, 拉巴豆播种比例较低的2个处理(ML1和ML2)主要通过补偿效应提升系统生产力, 而ML3和ML4处理的增产则主要依赖于选择效应。因此, 间作系统中的产量优势随拉巴豆播种比例的增加由补偿效应主导逐渐转变为选择效应主导。

关键词: 青贮玉米‖拉巴豆, 间作, 产量优势, 生态位互补, 补偿和选择效应

Abstract:

A well-designed soybean-corn intercropping system can provide significant yield advantages. However, the underlying mechanisms by which compensation and selection effects contribute to these advantages across ecologically distinct environments remain insufficiently understood. This study, conducted from 2021 to 2022, examined silage maize and lablab. Sole-cropped silage maize (SM) and sole-cropped lablab (SL) served as controls. Four intercropping treatments were established: silage maize interplanted with one (ML1), two (ML2), three (ML3), or four (ML4) lablab seeds per hole. To clarify the roles of the complementarity effect (CE) and selection effect (SE) in intercropping yield advantages, forage productivity, land equivalent ratio (LER), yield increase rate, relative interspecific competitiveness (RC), and net effect (NE) were analyzed across treatments. Results showed that intercropping silage maize with lablab significantly enhanced forage yield, with all intercropping systems outperforming monocultures. Among them, ML2 yielded the highest total dry matter (35.19 t hm-2) and crude protein (3.24 t hm-2), representing increases of 28.48% and 64.64%, respectively, compared to SM. All intercropping treatments exhibited LER values greater than one. LER was significantly and positively correlated with the compensation effect, but negatively correlated with the selection effect. Similarly, yield increases in silage maize were positively associated with the compensation effect (P < 0.001) and negatively associated with the selection effect. The productivity gains in ML1 and ML2 were primarily driven by the compensation effect, while those in ML3 and ML4 were mainly attributed to the selection effect. These findings suggest that as the proportion of lablab increases, the dominant mechanism driving yield advantages in the intercropping system gradually shifts from compensation to selection.

Key words: silage maize ‖ lablab, intercropping, yield advantage, ecological niche complementarity, compensation and selection effects

图1

试验地点气象数据"

图2

青贮玉米和拉巴豆间作的田间种植模式图 SM: 单作青贮玉米; SL: 单作拉巴豆; ML1: 青贮玉米与每穴1粒拉巴豆间作; ML2: 青贮玉米与每穴2粒拉巴豆间作; ML3: 青贮玉米与每穴3粒拉巴豆间作; ML4: 青贮玉米与每穴4粒拉巴豆间作。"

表1

供试材料信息"

材料名称
Material name
品种
Variety
纯净度
Purity (%)
千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
来源
Source
青贮玉米
Silage maize
先玉1321 Xianyu 1321 99.0 373.00 宁夏农垦茂盛草业科技有限公司
Ningxia Nongken Maosheng Grass Technology Ltd.
拉巴豆
Lablab
高值High 98.0 189.50 北京百斯特草业有限公司
Beijing Best Grass Ltd.

图3

不同间作模式对青贮玉米、拉巴豆株高的影响 处理同图2。图中不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。V6、V12、R1、R2分别代表青贮玉米拔节期、大喇叭口期、吐丝期和灌浆期, 分别对应拉巴豆分枝期(B1)、现蕾期(B2)、始花期(R1)和盛花期(R2)。"

图4

不同间作模式对青贮玉米、拉巴豆干物质产量的影响 处理同图2。图中不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。V6、V12、R1、R2分别代表青贮玉米拔节期、大喇叭口期、吐丝期和灌浆期, 分别对应拉巴豆分枝期(B1)、现蕾期(B2)、始花期(R1)和盛花期(R2)。"

表2

不同间作模式对系统干草产量和粗蛋白产量的影响"

年份
Year
处理
Treatment
青贮玉米干草产量
Silage maize hay yield
(t hm-2)
拉巴豆干草产量
Lablab hay yield
(t hm-2)
总干草产量
Total hay yield
(t hm-2)
粗蛋白产量
Crude protein yield
(t hm-2)
2021 SM 27.76±0.27 c 27.76±0.27 d 2.02±0.02 d
ML1 29.43±0.27 b 2.83±0.29 d 32.26±0.46 b 2.77±0.04 c
ML2 31.43±0.35 a 4.39±0.09 c 35.82±0.43 a 3.32±0.04 a
ML3 26.85±0.27 d 5.07±0.27 bc 31.91±0.07 b 2.96±0.01 b
ML4 25.18±0.21 e 5.50±0.11 b 30.68±0.14 c 2.99±0.01 b
SL 10.42±0.43 a 10.42±0.43 e 1.55±0.06 e
2022 SM 27.01±1.67 ab 27.01±0.68 c 1.91±0.05 d
ML1 28.82±1.71 ab 2.56±0.14 d 31.38±0.72 b 2.59±0.06 c
ML2 30.40±0.79 a 4.16±0.12 c 34.56±0.69 a 3.15±0.06 b
ML3 26.23±1.05 ab 4.86±0.16 b 31.09±0.88 b 2.98±0.08 a
ML4 25.73±0.68 b 5.16±0.18 b 30.90±0.81 b 2.98±0.08 a
SL 9.95±0.36 a 9.95±0.36 d 1.47±0.05 a
年份 Year (Y) * * * NS
种植方式 Planting patterns (P) ** ** *** ***
Y×P NS NS NS NS

图5

不同间作模式对土地当量比的影响 处理同图2。LER: 土地当量比。A: 2021-2022土地当量比; B: 2021-2022相对种间竞争力。图中不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图6

不同间作模式对作物增产率和产量优势的影响 处理同图2。图中不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图7

不同间作模式对选择效应与补偿效应的影响 处理同图2。图中不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图8

补偿效应、选择效应与间作优势及作物增产率的关系"

图9

补偿效应、选择效应与生产性能、竞争关系相关性分析 HY: 干草产量; CPY: 粗蛋白产量; LER: 土地当量比; RC: 相对种间竞争力; EY: 预期产量; OYM: 青贮玉米增产率; OYL: 拉巴豆增产率; NE: 净效应; CE: 补偿效应; SE: 选择效应。***: P < 0.001; **: P < 0.01; *: P < 0.05。"

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