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作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 620-630.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.55059
李瑞，余意雯，王敦亮，田婷，孙灵湘，陶玥玥*，孙华*
Li Rui,Yu Yi-Wen,Wang Dun-Liang,Tian Ting,Sun Ling-Xiang,Tao Yue-Yue*,Sun Hua*
摘要：
为明确长江中下游流域冬油菜产区薹油兼用模式生产潜力及其区域应用效果，本文于2024—2025年在江苏苏州开展大田试验，以常规单一油用模式为对照，系统比较2种模式下油菜菜籽产量构成及农艺性状特征差异；结合2001—2025年中国知网收录的27篇文献中265组长江中下游地区产量数据整合分析，通过方差分析与相关性分析，解析不同地区油菜摘薹后对菜籽产量的影响。田间试验结果表明，与常规模式相比，摘薹后油菜总分枝数增加26.95%，全生育期延长3.5 d，株高、分枝高度、千粒重和花期持续时间分别显著降低6.35%、54.56%、4.70%和12.19% (P < 0.05)；2种模式下菜籽产量总体差异不显著(P > 0.05)，但摘薹且不追施氮肥下菜籽产量显著下降36.26% (P < 0.05)，一次分枝数、单株角果数、分枝高度和千粒重均显著降低(P < 0.05)。不同区域对比表现，湖北、江西等长江中游地区摘薹后产量稳定，而江浙皖地区补偿能力相对较弱、减产敏感。因此，薹油兼用油菜种植应结合区域条件与品种、施肥等配套技术，优化氮肥运筹与摘薹标准，增强分枝补偿与花期持续性，协同提高种植效益与菜籽产量。
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