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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 682-694.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14015

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄土高原旱作区马铃薯连作根际土壤微生物群落变化特征

谭雪莲1(), 郭天文1,*(), 胡新元2, 张平良1, 曾骏1, 刘晓伟1   

  1. 1甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所/甘肃省水资源高效利用重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730070
    2甘肃省农业科学院/甘肃省马铃薯种质资源创新工程实验室, 甘肃兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-26 接受日期:2021-06-16 出版日期:2022-03-12 网络出版日期:2021-07-14
  • 通讯作者: 郭天文
  • 作者简介:E-mail: tanxuelian_2002@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503120);甘肃省农业科学院科技创新专项计划项目(2017GAAS28);国家自然基金地区科学基金项目(31560172);甘肃省农业科学院科技支撑计划项目(2017GAAS41);甘肃省科技计划项目(20YF3WA010)

Characteristics of microbial community in the rhizosphere soil of continuous potato cropping in arid regions of the Loess Plateau

TAN Xue-Lian1(), GUO Tian-Wen1,*(), HU Xin-Yuan2, ZHANG Ping-Liang1, ZENG Jun1, LIU Xiao-Wei1   

  1. 1Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Water in Dry Farming, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Innovation Engineering Laboratory of Potato Germplasm Resources of Gansu, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2021-01-26 Accepted:2021-06-16 Published:2022-03-12 Published online:2021-07-14
  • Contact: GUO Tian-Wen
  • Supported by:
    Public Welfare(Agriculture)Scientific Research Project(201503120);Science and Technology Innovation Project of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2017GAAS28);NSFC Regional Science Foundation Project(31560172);Science and Technology Support Plan of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2017GAAS41);Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province (20YF3WA010).(20YF3WA010)

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摘要：

本文探讨了土壤微生物对马铃薯连作的响应, 旨在揭示连作土壤退化的微生物特征。采用盆栽试验和MiSeq高通量测序技术相结合的方法, 以休耕(CK)和轮作(R_rh)为对照, 研究了马铃薯连作1年(1_rh)、3年(3_rh)和5年(5_rh)根际土壤微生物群落特征。结果表明, 与CK和轮作相比, 3_rh和5_rh土壤样品Ace指数、Chao指数、Shannon指数显著降低。与轮作相比, 马铃薯连作土壤细菌中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)相对丰度较高, 土壤真菌中子囊菌门(Ascomycota)相对丰度较低。细菌群落中, 较轮作, 1_rh、3_rh、5_rh气微菌属(Aeromicrobium)的数量分别增加258.01%、625.93%、76.04%, 节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)分别增加245.42%、1258.12%、58.89%, 链霉菌属(Streptomyces)分别增加203.83%、116.74%、311.61%。真菌群落中, 较轮作, 3_rh镰孢属(Fusarium)数量增加了225.00%, 5_rh毛壳属(Chaetomium)数量降低了31.58 %, 1_rh、3_rh、5_rh久浩酵母属(Guehomyces)的数量分别降低55.40%, 58.14%, 78.37%; 壶菌属(Spizellomyces)在休耕和轮作土壤中数量较多, 而在连作3年和5年土壤中数量很少, 接近检测底限。说明马铃薯长期连作降低了土壤微生物多样性, 微生物优势种群发生改变, 土壤微生物群落结构失衡。

关键词: 马铃薯, 连作, 微生物群落, 物种丰度, 有益微生物, 病原微生物

Abstract:

The response of soil microorganisms to continuous cropping of potato was discussed in this study, aiming at revealing the microbial characteristics of continuous cropping soil degradation. Pot experiments and MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology were used to study the characteristics of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of potato continuous cropping for 1 year (1_rh), 3 years (3_rh), and 5 years (5_rh), with fallow (CK) and rotation (R_rh) as controls. The results showed that compared with CK and rotation, Ace index, Chao index, and Shannon index of 3_rh and 5_rh soil samples decreased significantly. Compared with rotation, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria in soil bacteria of continuous potato cropping was higher, while the relative abundance of Ascomycota in soil fungi was lower. In the bacterial community, compared with rotation, the number of Aeromicrobium in 1_rh, 3_rh, 5_rh increased by 258.01%, 625.93%, 76.04%, Arthrobacter increased by 245.42%, 1258.12%, 58.89%, Streptomyces increased by 203.83%, 116.74%, and 311.61%, respectively. In the fungal community, compared with rotation, the number of Fusarium in 3_rh increased by 225.00%, the number of Chaetomium in 5_rh decreased by 31.58%, and the number of Guehomyces in 1_rh, 3_rh, and 5_rh decreased by 55.40%, 58.14%, and 78.37%, respectively. Spizellomyces had a large number in fallow and rotation soils, but a small number in continuous cropping soils for three years and five years, which was close to the detection limit. The results indicated that long-term continuous cropping of potato reduced the diversity of soil microorganisms, changed the dominant population of microorganisms, and unbalanced the structure of soil microbial community.

Key words: potato, continuous cropping, microbial community structure, species abundance, beneficial microorganisms, pathogenic microorganism

表1

试验设计及处理"

种植模式
Cropping pattern		 处理代码
Treatment code		 种植方法
Cultivation method
休耕
Fallow		 CK 不种植作物的休耕土壤
Fallow soil where no crops were planted
马铃薯-小麦轮作
Potato-wheat rotation		 R_rh 马铃薯种植1年的土壤上种植小麦
Wheat was planted on the soil where potato was planted for one year
马铃薯连作1年
Potato continuous cropping for one year		 1_rh 马铃薯种植1年的土壤上继续种植马铃薯
Potatoes continued to grow potatoes on soil for one year
马铃薯连作3年
Potato continuous cropping for three years		 3_rh 马铃薯种植3年的土壤上继续种植马铃薯
Potatoes continued to grow potatoes on soil for three years
马铃薯连作5年
Potato continuous cropping for five years		 5_rh 马铃薯种植5年的土壤上继续种植马铃薯
Potatoes continued to grow potatoes on soil for five years

表2

97%相似度水平下土壤细菌和真菌菌群丰富度和多样性指数分析"

类别
Type		 处理
Treatment		 Reads OTUs Ace Chao Shannon
细菌 Bacteria CK 33,177±0.21 a 2253±0.15 a 2496±0.23 a 2502±0.32 a 6.67±0.0 1a
R_rh 36,151±0.23 a 2291±0.08 a 2545±0.15 a 2589±0.27 a 6.68±0.03 a
1_rh 20,981±0.28 b 1947±0.10 a 2285±0.17 a 2299±0.28 a 6.55±0.03 a
3_rh 16,610±0.24 b 1146±0.12 b 1545±0.19 b 1574±0.26 b 4.90±0.02 b
5_rh 38,178±0.22 a 2182±0.07 a 2444±0.20 a 2467±0.25 a 6.54±0.04 a
真菌 Fungi CK 15,547±0.48 a 565±0.13 a 664±0.65 b 648±0.38 b 4.00±0.01 a
R_rh 13,895±0.52 b 518±0.14 a 657±0.63 b 653±0.34b 4.26±0.03 a
1_rh 12,981±0.56 b 549±0.13 a 707±0.61 a 706±0.35 a 4.34±0.05 a
3_rh 11,064±0.49 c 385±0.16 b 541±0.59 c 520±0.36 c 3.54±0.02 b
5_rh 10,705±0.53 c 350±0.18 b 468±0.66 d 446±0.38 d 2.83±0.01 c

图1

土壤细菌OTU韦恩图 处理同表1。"

图2

土壤细菌门水平的群落组成和相对丰度 处理同表1。"

图3

土壤优势细菌纲水平的群落组成和相对丰度 处理同表1。"

表3

土壤细菌菌群分析"

门
Phylum		 纲
Class		 属
Genus		 相对丰度百分比Relative abundance (%)
CK R_rh 1_rh 3_rh 5_rh
放线菌门
Actinobacteria		 放线菌纲
Actinobacteria		 气微菌属
Aeromicrobium		 0.21±0.03 c 0.10±0.01 c 0.36±0.02 b 0.73±0.01 a 0.18±0.01 c
壤霉菌属
Agromyces		 0.26±0.01 b 0.06±0.01 d 0.17±0.01 c 0.40±0.02 a 0.24±0.01 b
节杆菌属
Arthrobacter		 1.61±0.07 c 0.69±0.02 d 2.37±0.07 b 9.31±0.08 a 1.09±0.06 c
芽球菌属
Blastococcus		 1.13±0.03 a 0.29±0.01 c 1.39±0.02 a 1.59±0.02 a 0.70±0.03 b
分枝杆菌属
Mycobacterium		 0.4±0.015 a 0.10±0.01 b 0.47±0.03 a 0.38±0.01 a 0.30±0.01 a
链霉菌属
Streptomyces		 0.32±0.04 b 0.13±0.02 c 0.41±0.02 b 1.71±0.06 a 0.56±0.02 b
假诺卡氏菌属
Pseudonocardia		 0.32±0.01 a 0.04±0.01 b 0.28±0.01 a 0.25±0.01 a 0.16±0.01 a
变形菌门
Proteobacteria		 α-变形菌纲
Alphaproteobacteria		 红菌属
Rhodobium		 0.54±0.02 a 0.07±0.01 b 0.32±0.02 a 0.40±0.02 a 0.44±0.02 a
红游动菌属
Rhodoplanes		 0.27±0.02 a 0.1±0.010 b 0.34±0.02 a 0.17±0.01 b 0.19±0.01 b
博斯氏菌属
Bosea		 0.18±0.01 a 0.09±0.01 b 0.20±0.03 a 0.22±0.04 a 0.19±0.01 a
慢生根瘤菌属
Bradyrhizobium		 0.75±0.04 a 0.20±0.02 c 0.82±0.03 a 0.46±0.05 b 0.41±0.03 b
戴沃斯菌属
Devosia		 0.22±0.08 b 0.10±0.01 c 0.36±0.06 b 0.54±0.07 a 0.60±0.02 a
生丝微菌属
Hyphomicrobium		 0.24±0.06 a 0.03±0.01 b 0.24±0.04 a 0.14±0.03 a 0.18±0.03 a
根瘤菌属
Rhizobium		 0.22±0.11 c 0.08±0.08 d 2.19±0.12 a 0.760.12 b 0.40±0.10 c
斯科曼氏球菌属
Skermanella		 1.17±0.32 a 0.16±0.26 c 1.10±0.27 a 0.26±0.26 c 0.45±0.28 b
鞘脂单胞菌属
Sphingomonas		 2.78±0.33 a 0.79±0.29 c 3.01±0.35 a 1.98±0.31 b 3.32±0.37 a
β-变形菌
Betaproteobacteria		 产育菌属
Ramlibacter		 0.16±0.04 b 0.06±0.01 c 0.30±0.02 a 0.14±0.03 b 0.38±0.06 a
δ-变形菌纲
Deltaproteobacteria		 类固醇杆菌属
Steroidobacter		 0.83±0.07 a 0.20±0.03 b 0.93±0.09 a 0.25±0.05 b 0.99±0.07 a
门
Phylum		 纲
Class		 属
Genus		 相对丰度百分比Relative abundance (%)
CK R_rh 1_rh 3_rh 5_rh
绿弯菌门
Chloroflexi		 绿弯菌纲
Chloroflexia		 玫瑰弯菌属
Roseiflexus		 1.12±0.10 b 3.81±0.15 a 1.23±0.11 b 0.10±0.09 c 0.50±0.09 c
芽单胞菌门
Gemmatimonadetes		 芽单胞菌纲
Gemmatimonadetes		 芽单胞菌属
Gemmatimonas		 0.42±0.06 a 0.10±0.01 b 0.31±0.04 a 0.08±0.03 b 0.34±0.07 a
硝化螺旋菌门
Nitrospirae		 硝化螺旋菌纲
Nitrospira		 硝化螺旋菌属
Nitrospira		 2.15±0.21 a 0.28±0.09 b 1.84±0.26 a 0.42±0.08 b 1.71±0.24 a
厚壁菌门
Firmicutes		 芽孢杆菌纲
Bacilli		 芽孢杆菌属
Bacillus		 1.66±0.12 a 0.19±0.06 d 0.88±0.06 b 0.30±0.05 c 0.83±0.07 b
合计 Total 16.99±0.45 a 7.66±0.41 c 19.53±0.47 a 20.59±0.44 a 14.13±0.43 b

图4

土壤真菌OTU韦恩图 处理同表1。"

图5

土壤真菌门水平的群落组成和相对丰度 处理同表1。"

图6

土壤真菌纲水平的群落组成和相对丰 处理同表1。"

表4

不同连作土壤真菌菌群分析"

纲
Class		 属
Genus		 相对丰度百分比Relative abundance (%)
CK R_rh 1_rh 3_rh 5_rh
座囊菌纲
Dothideomycetes		 光黑壳属
Preussia		 0.26±0.04 a 0.05±0.01 b 0.32±0.03 a 0.04±0.01 b 0.03±0.01 b
核菌纲
Pyrenomycetes		 叉丝单囊壳属
Podosphaera		 0 0 0.02±0.01 a 0.02±0.01 a 0.01±0.01 a
散囊菌纲
Eurotiomycetes		 青霉属
Penicillium		 0.10±0.02 a 0.08±0.06 a 0.10±0.05 a 0.01±0.01 a 0.01±0.01 a
梭孢壳属
Thielavia		 2.66±0.56 b 2.09±0.48 b 2.74±0.52 b 5.74±0.49 a 6.69±0.54 a
粪壳菌纲
Sordariomycetes		 镰孢属
Fusarium		 0.71±0.09 b 0.84±0.07 b 0.78±0.08 b 2.73±0.12 a 0.11±0.06 b
毛壳属
Chaetomium		 0.78±0.06 a 0.19±0.02 c 0.51±0.01 b 0.52±0.06 b 0.25±0.03 c
子囊菌纲
Ascomycetes		 子囊菌属
Ascomycota_norank		 1.54±0.29 a 0.83±0.26 b 1.23±0.27 a 0.61±0.25 b 0.17±0.24 c
赤霉菌属
Gibberella		 0.32±0.08 b 0.49±0.09 a 0.37±0.09 b 0.50±0.12 a 0.04±0.07 c
壶菌纲
Chrtridiomycetes		 壶菌属
Spizellomyces		 0.17±0.03 b 0.93±0.05 a 0.13±0.05 b 0.01±0.01 b 0.01±0.01 b
腐质霉属
Humicola		 0.29±0.10 a 0.16±0.13 b 0.26±0.15 a 0.19±0.11 ab 0.32±0.16 a
丝胞纲
Hyphomycetes		 矛束霉属
Doratomyces		 0.03±0.01 b 0.03±0.01 b 0.12±0.04 b 0.06±0.01 b 1.80±0.06 a
链格孢属
Alternaria		 0.33±0.22 c 2.25±0.26 a 2.91±0.25 a 1.20±0.21 b 1.07±0.20 b
银耳纲
Tremellomycetes		 隐球菌属
Cryptococcus		 1.93±0.36 a 0.67±0.30 b 1.36±0.32 a 0.33±0.29 b 0.29±0.29 b
合计
Total		 9.14±0.68 ab 8.61±0.62 b 10.85±0.64 a 11.94±0.70 a 10.80±0.66 a

图7

不同连作土壤马铃薯枯萎病发病率比较 处理同表1。"

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