作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 716-725.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11012
刘运景1(), 郑飞娜1, 张秀1, 初金鹏1, 于海涛2, 代兴龙1,*(
), 贺明荣1,*(
)
LIU Yun-Jing1(), ZHENG Fei-Na1, ZHANG Xiu1, CHU Jin-Peng1, YU Hai-Tao2, DAI Xing-Long1,*(
), HE Ming-Rong1,*(
)
摘要:
宽幅播种与适宜种植密度合理组配能够提高小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用率。然而, 在协同改善产量和氮素利用率的同时, 宽幅播种对籽粒品质有何影响未见报道。本研究于2018—2019和2019—2020连续2个生长季, 选用藁优5766、济麦44、泰山27、洲元9369等4个强筋小麦品种, 设置宽幅播种和常规条播2种播种方式, 研究了宽幅播种对强筋小麦籽粒产量、品质和氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明, 宽幅播种条件下, 主要得益于单位面积穗数的增加, 4个强筋小麦品种的单位面积粒数平均增加13.16%, 籽粒产量相应提高13.39%。与此同时, 宽幅播种强化了整个生育期特别是花后氮素的吸收, 整个生育期小麦植株氮素积累量平均增幅为10.29%, 花后氮素吸收量平均增幅为36.83%, 进而提高了氮素吸收效率和氮素利用率, 平均增幅分别为12.73%、13.39%。整个生育期特别是花后氮素吸收的增加, 保障了籽粒氮素供应, 提高了单位面积籽粒氮积累量, 且其提高幅度(平均增幅为13.38%)与单位面积粒数(平均增幅为13.16%)和籽粒产量(平均增幅为13.39%)的提高幅度相近, 籽粒单粒含氮量和蛋白质含量得以保持不变, 籽粒蛋白质构成和籽粒品质保持稳定。综上所述, 宽幅播种在提高强筋小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用率的同时, 能够通过优化产量形成过程与氮素吸收转运过程的耦合匹配, 保持良好的籽粒品质。
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