海岛棉棉铃阶段性发育与产量品质的关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.94051

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

运用包含环境互作效应的ADM发育遗传模型对3年海岛棉亲本及F₁代不同发育时期单铃重及发育特点与产量、品质的关系研究表明, 海岛棉各时期单铃重对最终单铃重、纤维品质性状选择效果较好; 前期(10、20 d)单铃重大, 会减少无效铃数, 降低衣分; 后期(60、70 d)单铃重大, 会增加无效铃数, 提高衣分。而中期(30、40、50 d)单铃重对最终单株产量有一定选择效果。棉铃体积膨大期(0~10 d、10~20 d)净增量较大, 单铃重增加, 其他产量性状降低; 纤维长度、反射率、黄度等品质性状改善; 棉铃内容物充实期(30~40、40~50、60~70 d)干重增量大, 主要纤维品质性状变差。选择单铃重进入快增期较晚、生长速率较大而出现时间较晚的材料将提高单株产量。纤维形成过程中, 同化物质较早进入棉铃, 经历缓慢增长, 使纤维逐渐成熟而形成优良的品质。棉铃发育受到明显的母体效应影响, 因而选择合适的母本对改良纤维品质性状较为重要。

关键词: 海岛棉, 单铃重, 发育遗传, 发育特点, 遗传相关

Abstract:

The ADM developmental genetic model containing environmental interaction was used to study the relationship of single boll weight at different developmental stages and developmental characteristics with yield and quality for island cotton parents and F₁ generations in three years. Selecting single boll weight at different developmental stages had a better effect on the selection of final single boll weight and fiber quality traits in island cotton. When the single boll weed heavy, the number of invalid bolls were reduced and lint in the early stage (10, 20 d), while increased in the later stage (60, 70 d). In the medium term (30, 40, 50 d), the boll weight had a certain selection effect on the final yield per plant. At cotton boll volume expansion period (0-10 d, 10-20 d), the net increment was larger, single boll weight increased, other yield traits decreased, and quality traits such as fiber length, reflectivity and yellowness were improved. At cotton boll filling period (30-40, 40-50, 60-70 d), the boll dry weight increased, main fiber quality traits became worse. The yield per plant was increased by selecting materials with boll weight fast increasing in the growth period later. In the process of boll formation, assimilates entered cotton boll earlier and boll volume increased slowly, so that the fiber matured gradually, forming good quality. The fiber development was obviously affected by maternal effect; therefore, it is important to select suitable maternal parents for improving fiber quality traits.

Key words: island cotton, boll weight, developmental heredity, developmental characteristics, genetic correlation

曹新川,胡守林,韩秀锋,何良荣,郭伟锋. 海岛棉棉铃阶段性发育与产量品质的关系[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(02): 300-306.

CAO Xin-Chuan,HU Shou-Lin,HAN Xiu-Feng,HE Liang-Rong,GUO Wei-Feng. Relationship of stage development of cotton bolls with yield and quality in island cotton[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(02): 300-306.

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