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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (10): 1843-1853.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.13012

• 综述 •    下一篇

黄淮海麦玉两熟区周年光温资源优化配置研究进展

周宝元1(), 葛均筑2, 孙雪芳3, 韩玉玲1, 马玮1, 丁在松1, 李从锋1, 赵明1,*()   

  1. 1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农业农村部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室, 北京100081
    2天津农学院农学与资源环境学院, 天津300384
    3青岛农业大学农学院, 山东青岛266109
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-13 接受日期:2021-04-23 出版日期:2021-10-12 网络出版日期:2021-05-06
  • 通讯作者: 赵明
  • 作者简介:E-mail: zhoubaoyuan@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200504);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-12)

Research advance on optimizing annual distribution of solar and heat resources for double cropping system in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain

ZHOU Bao-Yuan1(), GE Jun-Zhu2, SUN Xue-Fang3, HAN Yu-Ling1, MA Wei1, DING Zai-Song1, LI Cong-Feng1, ZHAO Ming1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Production, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2College of Agronomy & Resource and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
    3College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
  • Received:2021-01-13 Accepted:2021-04-23 Published:2021-10-12 Published online:2021-05-06
  • Contact: ZHAO Ming
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0200504);China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-12)

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摘要：

在不增加任何成本前提下, 优化麦玉两熟周年光温资源配置是提升黄淮海区产量及资源利用效率的重要途径之一。从20世纪80年代开始, 国内学者便从播/收期调整、不同生育期品种选育及新型种植模式创建等方面开展了黄淮海麦玉两熟区周年光温资源高效利用途径探索。研究了小麦和玉米生长发育与光温资源的匹配关系, 提出了以强化“C4玉米”高光效优势为核心的周年光温资源优化配置途径, 在冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟基础上, 创新了冬小麦-夏玉米“双晚”技术模式, 构建了冬小麦/春玉米/夏玉米、冬小麦/春玉米/夏玉米/秋玉米和双季玉米等种植模式, 实现了周年高产和光温资源高效利用。本文综述了黄淮海麦玉两熟种植模式周年光温资源优化配置研究进展及其在麦玉两熟基础上的新型种植模式探索, 并提出了以积温分配为主的麦玉两熟制周年光温资源定量优化配置途径, 建立了黄淮海区冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟模式周年气候资源优化配置定量指标及其相应标准, 以期为进一步挖掘该区周年产量及光温资源利用潜力提供新的思路及理论支撑。

关键词: 黄淮海平原, 冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟, 光温资源, 优化配置

Abstract:

Optimizing the distribution of annual solar and heat resources is an important way to improve the annual yield and resource use efficiency without increasing input for the winter wheat-summer maize of the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain. During 1980s, the researchers began to explore ways to increase the efficiency utilization of solar and heat resources from the sowing/harvest adjustment, variety selection, and intensive cropping system innovation. Based on study of matching relation between crop growth and resources, a technological approach to optimize the distribution of solar and heat resources was put forward by strengthening the high photosynthetic efficiency of “C4 maize”. Then, the winter wheat and summer maize “double late” technology, winter wheat/spring maize/summer maize, winter wheat/spring maize/summer maize/autumn maize cropping systems were established, which realized high yield and high efficient utilization of resources. In this paper, we reviewed current theoretical and regulation approaches for optimizing distribution of solar and heat resources of double cropping system in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain. Then proposed a quantitative and optimal resources distribution method for double cropping system, and set up the unified quantitative indexes for resources distribution between winter wheat and summer maize, which could provide theory support for further increasing anniversary production and resource utilization efficiency of the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain.

Key words: the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers plain, winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system, solar and heat resources, optimizing distribution

表1

光温水资源定量配置与利用评价指标及其计算公式"

指标Index 公式Formula 指标Index 公式Formula
积温分配率TDR 单季积温量/周年积温总量
Single seasonal AT of annual AT		 两季积温比值TR 第一季积温量/第二季积温量
First season AT/second season AT
辐射分配率RDR 单季辐射量/周年辐射总量
Single seasonal Ra of annual Ra		 两季辐射比值RR 第一季辐射量/第二季辐射量
First season Ra/second season Ra
降水分配率PDR 单季降雨量/周年降雨总量
Single seasonal Pr of annual Pr		 两季降水比值PR 第一季降雨量/第二季降雨量
First season Pr/second season Pr
光温生产潜力当量TPPE 实际产量/光温生产潜力
Yield/AT and Ra production potential		 积温满足率TSR
AT satisfaction rate		 周年可利用积温量/作物积温需求量
Annual AT/AT required by crop

表2

冬小麦-夏玉米高产模式周年积温分配"

地点
Site		 冬小麦Winter wheat 夏玉米Summer maize 周年Annual
积温
AT (°C)		 分配率
TDR (%)		 积温
AT (°C)		 分配率
TDR (%)		 积温
AT (°C)		 两季比
TR
河南Henan 2346.2 a 43 3142.3 a 57 5488.6 a 0.7
山东Shandong 2263.6 b 43 2983.0 b 57 5245.8 b 0.7
河北Hebei 2135.0 c 43 2865.9 c 57 5000.9 c 0.7

表3

冬小麦-夏玉米高产模式周年辐射分配"

地点
Site		 冬小麦Winter wheat 夏玉米Summer maize 周年Annual
辐射量
Ra (MJ m-2)		 分配率
RDR (%)		 辐射量
Ra (MJ m-2)		 分配率
RDR (%)		 辐射量
Ra (MJ m-2)		 两季比
RR
河南Henan 2437.7 b 59 1687.2 b 41 4124.9 b 1.4
山东Shandong 2659.7 a 58 1924.5 a 42 4547.6 a 1.4
河北Hebei 2636.3 a 58 1857.7 a 42 4494.0 a 1.4

表4

冬小麦-夏玉米高产模式周年降水分配"

地点
Site		 冬小麦Winter wheat 夏玉米Summer maize 周年Annual
降水量
Pr (mm)		 分配率
PDR (%)		 降水量
Pr (mm)		 分配率
PDR (%)		 降水量
Pr (mm)		 两季比
PR
河南Henan 160.9 b 29 393.2 b 71 554.1 b 0.4
山东Shandong 193.2 a 25 582.8 a 75 776.0 a 0.3
河北Hebei 117.5 c 24 366.5 c 76 484.0 c 0.3

表5

冬小麦-夏玉米高产模式产量、光温生产潜力和光温生产潜力当量"

地点
Site		 冬小麦Winter wheat 夏玉米Summer maize
产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)		 光温生产潜力TPPy
(kg hm-2)		 光温生产
潜力当量
TPPE (%)		 产量
Yield
(kg hm-2)		 光温生产潜力TPPy
(kg hm-2)		 光温生产
潜力当量
TPPE (%)
河南Henan 10,626.9 a 17,887.2 a 59.4 a 13,178.4 b 19,868.2 b 66.3 a
山东Shandong 10,391.6 a 17,502.3 a 59.3 a 14,350.4 a 21,162.8 a 67.8 a
河北Hebei 9407.8 b 15,732.8 b 59.8 a 10,951.5 c 16,896.8 c 64.8 a
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