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作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 226-237.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.02060

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

施石灰和秸秆还田对双季稻田土壤钾素表观平衡的互作效应

刘磊1(), 廖萍1, 邵华2, 刘劲松1, 杨星莲1, 王静1, 王海媛1, 张俊3, 曾勇军1, 黄山1,*()   

  1. 1江西农业大学教育部江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室, 江西南昌 330045
    2江西省土壤肥料技术推广站, 江西南昌 330046
    3中国农业科学院作物科学研究所, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-28 接受日期:2021-06-16 出版日期:2022-01-12 网络出版日期:2021-07-19
  • 通讯作者: 黄山
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 13657909609@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31701383);国家重点研发计划项目资助(2016YFD0300903);国家重点研发计划项目资助(2018YFD0301102)

Interactive effects of liming and straw return on apparent soil potassium balance in a double rice cropping system

LIU Lei1(), LIAO Ping1, SHAO Hua2, LIU Jin-Song1, YANG Xing-Lian1, WANG Jing1, WANG Hai-Yuan1, ZHANG Jun3, ZENG Yong-Jun1, HUANG Shan1,*()   

  1. 1Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China
    2Jiangxi Soil and Fertilizer Technology Extension Station, Nanchang 330046, Jiangxi, China
    3Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2020-08-28 Accepted:2021-06-16 Published:2022-01-12 Published online:2021-07-19
  • Contact: HUANG Shan
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701383);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300903);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0301102)

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摘要：

土壤酸化和钾素亏缺是制约南方酸性稻田生产力持续提升的重要因素。施石灰和秸秆还田分别是改良土壤酸化和补充钾素的有效措施, 但二者对土壤钾素盈亏平衡的互作效应还不甚清楚。于2015—2018年, 在江西省上高县开展施石灰和秸秆还田两因素田间定位试验, 共设置4个处理: (1) 秸秆不还田, 不施石灰; (2) 秸秆不还田, 仅2015年施一次石灰; (3) 每季秸秆全量还田, 不施石灰; (4) 每季秸秆全量还田, 仅2015年施一次石灰。结果表明, 秸秆还田显著提高了水稻钾素吸收, 施石灰仅显著增加了2016年晚稻钾素吸收。施石灰和秸秆还田仅对2016年晚稻钾素吸收有显著正向互作效应。在秸秆还田下, 施石灰使2016年晚稻钾素吸收增加了25.7%; 而在秸秆不还田下无显著影响。试验进行4年后, 施石灰和秸秆还田对土壤全钾含量无显著影响。但4年土壤钾素表观平衡估算表明, 在秸秆还田下土壤总累积钾素表观平衡表现为盈余, 秸秆不还田下则为亏缺, 而施石灰对其无显著影响。施石灰和秸秆还田对土壤总累积钾素表观平衡有显著的互作效应。在施石灰和不施石灰条件下, 秸秆还田分别使土壤累积钾素平均表观盈余19.5 kg hm-2 a-1和29.0 kg hm-2 a-1。秸秆还田下土壤累积钾素平均表观盈余24.3 kg hm-2 a-1, 秸秆不还田下则平均表观亏缺185.8 kg hm-2 a-1。因此, 在酸性双季稻田上, 施石灰和秸秆还田配施能够协同实现土壤酸化改良和维持钾素平衡, 有利于持续提升双季稻田的生产力。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 土壤酸化, 双季稻, 石灰, 钾素表观平衡

Abstract:

Soil acidification and potassium (K) deficit are two important factors limiting crop productivity in acidic paddy soils. Lime application and straw return are effective measures to alleviate soil acidification and improve soil K content, but their interaction effect on K balance is still unclear. A four-year field experiment including two factors (liming and straw return) was conducted in Shanggao, Jiangxi province from 2015 to 2018. Four treatments were arranged in this experiment: (1) Straw removal without liming; (2) Straw removal with lime application only once in 2015; (3) 100% straw return every season without liming; (4) Straw return combined with lime application only once in 2015. Straw return significantly improved rice K uptake, while liming only significantly increased K uptake in late rice in 2016. There were positive interactive effects between liming and straw return on K uptake in late rice in 2016. Liming significantly improved K uptake by 25.7% under straw return in late rice in 2016, but there was no significant effect under straw removal. Neither liming nor straw return significantly affected soil total K concentration. However, the apparent balance of soil K in four years indicated the apparent balance of soil total K was surplus under straw return, while it was deficit under straw removal not returning, and lime application had not significant effect on it. Straw return enhanced soil cumulative apparent K surplus by 19.5 kg hm-2 a-1 and 29.0 kg hm-2 a-1 with liming and without liming, respectively. Soil cumulative apparent K balance showed a surplus of 24.3 kg hm-2 a-1under straw return and a deficit of 185.8 kg hm-2 a-1under straw removal. In summary, lime application combined with straw return could simultaneously alleviate soil acidification and maintain K balance, which is conductive to continuously improve the productivity of double rice cropping in acidic paddy fields.

Key words: straw return, soil acidification, double rice, lime, apparent potassium balance

图1

施石灰和秸秆还田对双季稻地上部生物量和钾素吸收的影响(2015-2018) CK、L、RS和L+RS分别表示对照、单施石灰、秸秆还田、秸秆还田配施石灰。误差线表示平均值的标准误差(n = 3)。不同小写字母表示在同一年份不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

表1

施石灰(L)和秸秆还田(RS)对双季稻生物量和钾素吸收的影响(F值)"

年份
Year		 变异来源
Source of variations		 生物量 Biomass 钾素吸收 K uptake
早稻 Early rice 晚稻 Late rice 早稻 Early rice 晚稻 Late rice
2015 石灰Liming (L) 8.42* 20.36** 0.68 1.38
秸秆还田Straw return (RS) 11.92* 18.49** 33.23** 61.16**
石灰×秸秆还田 L×RS 0.87 11.01* 5.10 1.36
2016 石灰Liming (L) 6.60* 24.93** 0.05 13.50*
秸秆还田Straw return (RS) 23.45** 11.51* 64.70** 224.24**
石灰×秸秆还田 L×RS 1.26 11.31* 3.77 19.49*
2017 石灰Liming (L) 24.41** 2.60 1.72 0.00
秸秆还田Straw return (RS) 79.05** 0.09 265.32** 13.75*
石灰×秸秆还田 L×RS 0.45 1.26 3.47 0.82
2018 石灰Liming (L) 0.25 1.56 2.10 0.32
秸秆还田Straw return (RS) 153.99** 7.06* 190.98** 19.89**
石灰×秸秆还田 L×RS 0.00 0.47 1.23 0.37

图2

施石灰和秸秆还田对双季稻各器官钾浓度的影响(2015-2018) 处理同图1。误差线表示平均值的标准误差(n = 3)。不同小写字母表示在同一年份不同处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

表2

施石灰(L)和秸秆还田(RS)对双季稻各器官钾浓度的影响(F值)"

类别
Type		 年份
Year		 变异来源
Source of variations		 茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 穗
Panicle
早稻钾浓度
K concentration in early rice		 2015 石灰Liming (L) 58.38** 4.21 1.80
秸秆还田Straw return (RS) 89.86** 0.48 0.45
石灰×秸秆还田 L×RS 32.82** 0.01 2.35
2016 石灰Liming (L) 36.06** 49.27** 5.38
秸秆还田Straw return (RS) 144.18** 25.16** 0.57
石灰×秸秆还田 L×RS 10.80* 0.56 26.40**
2017 石灰Liming (L) 43.70** 1.91 7.04*
秸秆还田Straw return (RS) 404.41** 722.59** 18.83**
石灰×秸秆还田 L×RS 26.92** 98.61** 0.77
2018 石灰Liming (L) 2.61 3.29 0.54
秸秆还田Straw return (RS) 81.52** 39.53** 0.30
石灰×秸秆还田 L×RS 0.81 1.03 2.72
类别
Type		 年份
Year		 变异来源
Source of variations		 茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 穗
Panicle
晚稻钾浓度
K concentration in late rice		 2015 石灰Liming (L) 15.86** 1.35 0.04
秸秆还田Straw return (RS) 57.73** 18.23** 1.97
石灰×秸秆还田 L×RS 0.80 0.05 0.27
2016 石灰Liming (L) 62.68** 1706.20** 0.98
秸秆还田Straw return (RS) 2916.73** 9960.00** 1.68
石灰×秸秆还田 L×RS 3.25 233.32** 0.98
2017 石灰Liming (L) 7.44** 6.21* 0.05
秸秆还田Straw return (RS) 33.86** 79.53** 4.90
石灰×秸秆还田 L×RS 0.23 5.67 0.09
2018 石灰Liming (L) 0.13 2.06 2.04
秸秆还田Straw return (RS) 17.31** 182.08** 0.17
石灰×秸秆还田 L×RS 0.05 2.82 0.51

表3

施石灰(L)和秸秆还田(RS)对双季稻秸秆还田量和秸秆钾素投入的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 秸秆投入量
Rate of straw returned into field (kg hm-2)		 秸秆钾素投入量
K input through straw return (kg hm-2)
早稻 Early rice 晚稻 Late rice 早稻 Early rice 晚稻 Late rice
2015 秸秆还田
Strew return (RS)		 4313 a 4141 b 119 a 179 a
秸秆还田配施石灰
Strew return combine with liming (L+RS)		 4313 a 4822 a 119 a 187 a
2016 秸秆还田Strew return (RS) 5163 a 4415 a 165 a 154 a
秸秆还田配施石灰
Strew return combine with liming (L+RS)		 5830 a 4802 a 170 a 159 a
2017 秸秆还田Strew return (RS) 3879 b 4097 a 137 b 157 a
秸秆还田配施石灰
Strew return combine with liming (L+RS)		 5149 a 4514 a 171 a 155 a
2018 秸秆还田Strew return (RS) 4314 a 4141 a 149 a 161 b
秸秆还田配施石灰
Strew return combine with liming (L+RS)		 4671 a 4261 a 153 a 172 a

表4

施石灰(L)和秸秆还田(RS)对双季稻土壤表观钾素平衡和速效钾含量的影响(F值)"

年份
Year		 变异来源
Source of variations		 土壤钾素表观平衡 Soil apparent K balance 土壤速效钾含量
Soil available K concentration
早稻
Early rice		 晚稻
Late rice		 周年
Annual
2015 石灰Liming (L) 0.66 0.04 0.45 1.82
秸秆还田Straw return (RS) 174.32** 1817.50** 1214.69** 303.21**
石灰×秸秆还田 L×RS 5.10 0.04 4.93 1.08
2016 石灰Liming (L) 0.00 8.14* 8.68* 0.28
秸秆还田Straw return (RS) 189.75** 161.24** 983.79** 29.03**
石灰×秸秆还田 L×RS 3.23 12.42* 36.48** 0.07
2017 石灰Liming (L) 1.96 0.01 0.99 0.10
秸秆还田Straw return (RS) 101.37** 180.68** 424.19** 271.59**
石灰×秸秆还田 L×RS 11.87* 0.84 3.19 0.05
2018 石灰Liming (L) 0.21 0.05 0.04 0.01
秸秆还田Straw return (RS) 131.26** 447.30** 324.05** 42.42**
石灰×秸秆还田 L×RS 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.69

图3

施石灰和秸秆还田对土壤速效钾含量(a, 2015-2018)和全钾含量(b, 2018)的影响 处理同图1。误差线表示平均值的标准误差(n = 3)。不同小写字母表示同一年份处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图4

施石灰和秸秆还田对早、晚稻季和周年钾素表观平衡(a~c, 2015-2018)及4年总累积钾素表观平衡(d)的影响 处理同图1。误差线表示平均值的标准误差(n = 3)。不同小写字母表示同一年份处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

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