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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 1277-1285.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43043

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Characteristics of soil organic carbon fraction accumulation and its stability in dry-crop farmland in northeast China after plough layer construction

ZOU Yi-Miao1(), YU Xiang-Ping1, MIAO Yu-Cong1, CAI Qian2, DU Gui-Juan2, ZHAO Feng-Yan2, ZHANG Shi-Yu2, LI Shuang-Yi1, BAI Wei2,*()   

  1. 1College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
    2Institute of Tillage and Cultivation, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2024-09-13 Accepted:2025-01-23 Online:2025-05-12 Published:2025-02-11
  • Contact: *E-mail: libai200008@126.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272232);Strategic Priority Science and Technology Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28090202);Science and Technology Research Project of Liaoning Province(2021JH1/1040003902);Discipline Construction Project of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences(120520303)

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Abstract:

Tillage structure is a critical agricultural practice that influences the accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and the growth and development of maize. Investigating changes of post-tillage structure on the accumulation and stability of SOC fractions is essential for understanding mechanism of carbon fixation and fertilization in the spring maize region of Northeast China and for establishing optimal tillage structures. This study is based on a 14-year field experiment initiated in 2009, employing a randomized block design to evaluate the impacts of four tillage treatments: up-loose and down-compaction plough layer (ULDC, CK), all-loose plough layer (AL), furrow-loose and ridge-compaction plough layer (FLRC), and all-compaction plough layer (AC). The treatments were assessed for their effects on the accumulation and stability of SOC fractions. The results demonstrated that tillage layer structure significantly influenced SOC content in the 0-15 cm and 15-35 cm soil layers, with the AC treatment promoting greater SOC accumulation in the 0-15 cm layer. Tillage structure also altered the distribution of particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) and their proportions within SOC. Specifically, the AC treatment significantly increased MAOC content in the 0-15 cm soil layer by 34.2% compared to the ULDC treatment, while decreasing MAOC content in the 15-35 cm soil layer by 22.2%. The variation in POC content across soil layers was closely related to different tillage construction methods. Correlation analysis revealed that the POC/SOC ratio was highly positively correlated with soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) (r = 0.74**), while the MAOC/SOC ratio was significantly negatively correlated with MBC (r = -0.69*). These findings suggest that tillage structure influences the distribution of carbon components within the carbon pool, modulated SOC stability. This study highlights the critical role of rational tillage structure in regulating SOC fractions and enhancing their stability, providing a scientific basis for soil health management and tillage structure optimization. In conclusion, the AC treatment demonstrated the potential to promote SOC fraction accumulation and improve soil carbon pool stability, offering practical value for the development of sustainable tillage practices in dryland farming systems in western Liaoning.

Key words: plough layer structure, soil organic carbon, soil organic carbon fraction, stability of soil organic carbon pool, dry farming

Fig. 1

Daily rainfall and average temperature at the experimental station during the 2023 growing season"

Table 1

Specific operational procedures for different tillage layer structure"

耕层构造处理方式
Tillage construction method		 具体操作流程
Specific operation process
上虚下实耕层ULDC 每年春季采用传统旋耕机进行作业, 深度12-15 cm, 播种, 构建为上虚下实耕层结构, 该构造为当地传统耕作模式, 作为本研究对照(CK)。
The operation was performed each spring using a traditional rotary tiller to a depth of 12-15 cm, followed by seed sowing. This created a top-loose and bottom-compacted tillage structure, representing the local traditional tillage practice, which served as the control (CK) in this study.
全虚耕层AL 2009开始每年采用“V”型深松机进行作业, 深度30-35 cm, 再用传统旋耕机旋耕, 播种, 构造为全虚耕层结构。
Since 2009, a “V”-type deep loosening machine has been used annually to loosen the soil to a depth of 30-35 cm, followed by rotary tillage with a conventional rotary tiller and seed sowing. This process creates a fully loose tillage structure.
虚实并存耕层FLRC 每年采用凿式深松机进行作业, 深度25-30 cm, 宽幅50 cm, 再用旋耕机旋耕, 播种, 构造为虚实并存耕层结构。
The annual operation is conducted using a chisel-type deep loosening machine to a depth of 25-30 cm and a width of 50 cm, followed by rotary tillage and seed sowing with a rotary tiller. This process creates a combined imaginary and existing tillage structure.
全实耕层AC 每年采用免耕播种机直接播种, 构造为全实耕层结构。
Annual direct seeding with no-till planter, constructed as a full solid tillage structure.

Table 2

Effects of different tillage measures on soil physical and chemical properties in different soil layers"

土层
Soil layer (cm)		 处理
Treatment		 土壤有机碳
SOC (g kg-1)		 全氮
TN (g kg-1)		 容重
BD (g cm-3)		 碳氮比
C/N		 pH
0-15 CK
AL
FLRC
AC		 8.42±0.13 b
7.44±0.08 c
7.08±0.04 d
8.82±0.06 a		 0.91±0.00 a
0.65±0.05 b
0.65±0.04 b
0.85±0.04 a		 1.40±0.01 b
1.41±0.01 b
1.42±0.03 b
1.54±0.05 a		 9.29±0.11 a
11.57±0.79 a
11.02±0.66 ab
10.46±0.42 ab		 6.32±0.03 b
6.27±0.05 b
6.51±0.05 a
6.42±0.02 a
15-35 CK
AL
FLRC
AC		 7.16±0.01 a
6.93±0.17 ab
6.58±0.03 b
5.89±0.17 c		 1.05±0.03 a
0.66±0.01 b
0.54±0.02 c
0.52±0.02 c		 1.60±0.02 a
1.55±0.01 a
1.55±0.03 a
1.54±0.04 a		 6.83±0.19 c
10.58±0.12 b
12.33±0.42 a
11.33±0.14 b		 6.41±0.03 b
6.41±0.05 b
6.57±0.05 a
6.35±0.02 b

Fig. 2

Contents of soil particulate organic carbon and mineral-bound organic carbon and their proportions in organic carbon under different plough layer structures Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1 and Table 2. Error bars indicate standard deviation. Different lowercase letters in the same soil layer indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05). POC represents particulate organic carbon; MAOC represents mineral- associated organic carbon."

Fig. 3

Soil microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon content under different tillage layer structures Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1. Error bars indicate standard deviation. Different lowercase letters in the same soil layer indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05). MBC represents microbial biomass carbon; DOC represents dissolved organic carbon."

Table 3

Correlation analysis of soil microbial biomass carbon, dissolved organic carbon and organic carbon components under different tillage layer structures"

土层
Soil layer (cm)		 有机碳组分占比
Ratio of SOC fraction		 SOC MBC DOC
0-15 POC/SOC -0.42 0.74** 0.23
MAOC/SOC 0.20 -0.69* 0.08
15-35 POC/SOC 0.48 -0.03 0.48
MAOC/SOC 0.22 0.33 0.38
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