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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 613-620.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84068

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Temperatures of promoting rapid leaf abscission of cotton in Xinjiang region

TIAN Jing-Shan,ZHANG Xu-Yi,ZHANG Li-Na,XU Shou-Zhen,QI Bing-Qin,SUI Long-Long,ZHANG Peng-Peng,YANG Yan-Long,ZHANG Wang-Feng(),GOU Ling()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Shihezi University / Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2018-03-13 Accepted:2018-12-24 Online:2019-04-12 Published:2019-01-23
  • Contact: Wang-Feng ZHANG,Ling GOU E-mail:zhwf_agr@shzu.edu.cn;glxj8162@sina.com.cn
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31560366);Introduction of International Advanced Agricultural Science and Technology Program(2016-X25)

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Abstract:

Machinical harvesters have increasing used in recent years, but excessive seed-cotton cleaning processes resulting from the higher foreign matter of mechanically harvested cotton cause unintended fiber damage. How to apply the defoliant to improve lint quality is a dominant cultural practice, because temperatures are unstable in the Xinjiang cotton belt with minimum dropping sharply in early autumn. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between temperatures and the rapid leaf abscission of cotton. The cotton leaf abscission rate was the highest, being from 55% to 79% at (7.0±1.0) days after defoliant application. And growing degree days (GDD) and maximum temperature were positively correlated with the cotton leaf abscission during (7.0±1.0) days after defoliant application. If obtaining more than 55% leaf abscission at (7.0±1.0) days after defoliant application, the maximum temperature and GDD should be more than 27.2°C and 7.0°C day, respectively. Therefore, the critical period promoting the good leaf abscission of cotton is during (7.0±1.0) days after defoliant application, and the dominant temperature factors influencing cotton leaf abscission are the maximum temperature and growing degree days.

Key words: mechanically harvested cotton, defoliation, lead abscission, maximum temperature, growing degree days

Table 1

Cotton cultivars, bowing dates, defoliation times, and investigation times in the defoliation experiments"

年份
Year		 试验地点
Experiment plot		 “新陆早”系列品种序号
No. of “Xinluzao”
cotton cultivars		 播种日期
Bowing dates
(month/day)		 脱叶催熟剂
喷施时间
Defoliation times
(month/day)		 叶片数调查时间
(喷施脱叶剂后天数)
Investigation times of leaf number (days after
defoliant application)
2017 石河子大学农学试验站
Shihezi University Experiment Station		 33, 59 4/22 8/8, 8/16, 8/24 8, 16, 23, 29, 36
2016 石河子大学农学试验站
Shihezi University Experiment Station		 6, 13, 33, 45 4/21 8/18, 8/25, 9/4 6, 13, 19, 26
新疆乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站
Wulanwusu Agrometeorological
Experiment Station		 33 4/15 8/11, 8/20, 8/27 6, 13, 20, 28
59 4/8, 4/15 8/11, 8/20, 8/27 6, 13, 20, 28
59 4/22 8/20, 8/27, 9/3 7, 14, 21, 29
2014 新疆兵团第八师一四九团三连
Third company Regimental Farm 149, the Eighth Division		 45 4/20 9/12, 9/19 7, 14, 20, 28
2013 新疆兵团第八师一四九团三连
Third company Regimental Farm 149, the Eighth Division		 45 4/20 9/8, 9/15 7, 14

Fig. 1

Changes of leaf abscission rate by defoliant application during different time period The thick solid line represents the average value of the defoliant treatment, values followed by different letters are significantly different at P < 0.05."

Table 2

Summary of P-values for effects of temperatures on leaf abscission rate during four periods of defoliant application"

喷施脱叶剂后天数
Days after defoliant application (d)		 0 to (7.0±1.0) d (7.0±1.0) to (15.0±1.6) d (15.0±1.6) to (21.0±1.6) d
样本数 n 27 29 25
平均温度 Average temperature (°C) 0.0013 -0.9367 -0.0162
最低温度 Minimum temperature (°C) 0.0163 0.6753 -0.0176
最高温度 Maximum temperature (°C) 0.0001 -0.6865 -0.2982
日温差 Diurnal temperature range (°C) 0.2399 -0.3817 0.2174
各时段≥12°C有效积温 GDD accumulation baseline 12 °C (°C) 0.0078 -0.3337 -0.0807
每日≥12°C有效积温 GDD baseline 12 °C (°C day) 0.0013 -0.9367 -0.0162

Fig. 2

Relationships of average temperature (a), minimum temperature (b), maximum temperature (c), and growing degree days (d, e) with leaf abscission rate during the period within (7.0±1.0) days after defoliant applicationGDD: growing degree days."

Table 3

Description of maximum temperature, growing degree days baseline 12°C and minimum temperature for producing more than 55% leaf abscission rate within (7.0±1.0) days after defoliant application"

项目
Item		 叶片脱落率 Leaf abscission rate
> 55% > 60% > 65%
最高温度Maximum temperature (°C) 27.2 28.2 29.2
每日≥12°C有效积温GDD baseline 12 °C (°C day) 7.0 8.3 9.6
最低温度Minimum temperature (°C) 10.8 12.4 13.9

Fig. 3

Optimal schedule of applying defoliant in Xinjiang Region Cities or countries accounted for more than 1% of Xinjiang’s cotton areas in 2010-2015 were chosen. the abscissa is the Julian calendar day, 244 is 1st September."

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