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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 904-911.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84131

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

棉花对初蕾期物理伤害的调节补偿效应

卢合全1,*,祁杰2,*,代建龙1,*,张艳军1,孔祥强1,李振怀1,李维江1,徐士振1,唐薇1,张冬梅1,罗振1,辛承松1,孙学振2,董合忠1,2,*   

  1. 1 山东棉花研究中心 / 山东省棉花栽培生理重点实验室, 山东济南 250100
    2 山东农业大学, 山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2018-10-17 接受日期:2019-01-12 出版日期:2019-06-12 网络出版日期:2019-06-12
  • 通讯作者: 卢合全,祁杰,代建龙,董合忠
  • 作者简介:卢合全, E-mail: hqlu780708@163.com|祁杰, E-mail: qijie8565@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-15-15);山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(SDAIT-03-01);泰山学者攀登计划项目(Tspd20150213);山东省农业科学院科技创新工程(CXGC2016B05, CXGC2018E06);山东省农业科学院青年英才培养计划项目资助

Adjustment and compensation of cotton to physical damage at early squaring stage

He-Quan LU1,*,Jie QI2,*,Jian-Long DAI1,*,Yan-Jun ZHANG1,Xiang-Qiang KONG1,Zhen-Huai LI1,Wei-Jiang LI1,Shi-Zhen XU1,Wei TANG1,Dong-Mei ZHANG1,Zhen LUO1,Cheng-Song XIN1,Xue-Zhen SUN2,He-Zhong DONG1,2,*   

  1. 1 Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Shandong Key Lab for Cotton Culture and Physiology, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China;
    2 Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2018-10-17 Accepted:2019-01-12 Published:2019-06-12 Published online:2019-06-12
  • Contact: He-Quan LU,Jie QI,Jian-Long DAI,He-Zhong DONG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-15-15);the Modern Agro-industry Technological System of Shandong Province(SDAIT-03-01);the Special Fund for Taishan Scholars(Tspd20150213);from Shandong Province, Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2016B05, CXGC2018E06);SAAS Training Fund for Young Talents.

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摘要：

黄河流域棉区棉花在蕾期常遭遇冰雹所致的物理伤害, 但棉花具有一定的调节补偿能力。明确棉花对不同程度物理伤害的补偿效应, 对灾后棉田管理具有指导意义。以山东主栽棉花品种K836为材料, 于2014—2015年棉花现蕾后第5天在山东省临清市设置去顶去叶(RTL)、去顶留1叶(RT+1LM)、去顶留叶(RT+ALM)、留顶去叶(TM+RL)、留顶留1叶(TM+1LM)以及未损伤的正常植株(CK) 6个处理, 研究不同程度损伤对棉花生长发育、叶面积动态、净光合速率、生物量、棉柴比、产量及产量构成的影响。结果表明, 对于棉花单株干物质量, TM+1LM处理在15 DAT和30 DAT (物理伤害后天数)分别比CK降低59.0%和12.1%, 但在45 DAT和60 DAT与CK无差异; 其余伤害处理在15~60 DAT均不同程度降低。叶面积指数变化动态与干物质积累趋势一致。处理45 DAT内, RTL、RT+1LM、RT+ALM和TM+RL的净光合速率均低于对照, 且高峰值出现时间推迟, TM+1LM的净光合速率变化趋势及高峰值出现时间与对照一致。TM+RL生物产量较CK降低18.2%, 而RTL、RT+1LM、RT+ALM和TM+1LM的生物产量与CK相当; RTL、RT+1LM、RT+ALM和TM+RL的棉柴比分别比CK降低52.6%、47.3%、36.8%和23.7%, 而TM+1LM的棉柴比与CK无明显差异。RTL、RT+1LM、RT+ALM和TM+RL单位面积铃数分别减少19.0%、7.2%、9.9%和15.6%, 单铃重分别降低23.2%、8.9%、8.9%和19.6%, 籽棉产量分别降低36.3%、17.5%、15.5%和31.9%, 而TM+1LM的铃数和单铃重没有显著降低, 籽棉产量与CK相当。据此, 把蕾期物理损伤分为轻度损伤(TM+1LM)、中度损伤(RT+1LM、RT+ALM)和重度损伤(RTL、TM+RL), 其减产幅度分别在5%以内、15%左右和30%以上。对于轻度和中度损伤棉田, 宜加强水肥管理促进棉花补偿性生长, 减少产量损失; 对于重度损伤棉田, 可以考虑改种其他短季作物。

关键词: 棉花, 物理伤害, 生长, 产量, 补偿

Abstract:

Hail-caused physical damage on cotton often occurs at squaring in Yellow River basin. Cotton is characterized as indeterminate growth habit as well as great compensatory ability. It is very important to determine the recovery potential after physical damage. A two-year (2014-2015) field experiment was carried out at Linqing of Shandong province with six treatments at five days after squaring, including removal of main-stem terminal and total leaves, RTL; removal of main-stem terminal but one leaf maintained, RT+1LM; removal of main-stem terminal but total leaves maintained, RT+ALM; main-stem terminal maintained but removal of total leaves, TM+RL; main-stem terminal and one leaf maintained, TM+1LM; and non-damaged, CK. A randomized blocks design was used for the study. Results showed that dry weight of single plant in RTL, RT+1LM, RT+ALM and TM+RL was significantly reduced at 15-60 days after treatment (DAT) as compared with that of CK. Dry weight of single plant in TM+1LM was reduced by 59.0% and 12.1% at 15 and 30 DAT, respectively, and slightly reduced at 45 and 60 DAT. LAI dynamics of six treatments were similar to those of biomass from 15 to 60 DAT. The leaf net photosynthetic rate of RTL, RT+1LM, RT+ALM and TM+RL was lower than that of control from 15 to 45 DAT, and the peak occurrence of Pn was delayed, while the Pn of TM+1LM and its peak period were similar to that of CK. Total biomass TM+RL was reduced by 18.2% in, but not changed in RTL, RT+1LM, RT+ALM, and TM+1LM compared with that of CK. Ratio of seedcotton to stalk of RTL, RT+1LM, RT+ALM, and TM+RL was decreased by 52.6%, 47.3%, 36.8%, and 23.7% compared with that of CK, but not significantly changes in TM+1LM. The number of bolls per unit land area in RTL, RT+1LM, RT+ALM, and TM+RL decreased by 19%, 7.2%, 9.9%, and 15.6%, boll weight decreased by 23.2%, 8.9%, 8.9%, and 19.6%, and thus seedcotton yield decreased by 36.3%, 17.5%, 15.5%, and 31.9%, respectively. However, TM+1LM did not significantly reduce the number of bolls and boll weight, and produced comparable yield to CK. The results of this study indicate that cotton plants have strong compensation effects on biological yield and economic yield owing to the indeterminate growth habit after physical damage at squaring stage, but the compensatory effects are varied by the extent of physical damage. Accordingly, the physical injury at squaring was divided into light injury (TM+1LM), moderate injury (RT+1LM, RT+ALM), and severe injury (RTL, TM+RL), in which the yield reduction was less than 5%, 15%, and more than 30%, respectively. For lightly and moderately damaged cotton fields, water and fertilizer management is strongly recommended to promote cotton compensatory growth and reduce yield losses, while for seriously damaged cotton fields, replanting other short-season crops could be considered.

Key words: cotton, physical damage, growth, yield, compensation

图1

去顶去叶(RTL)、去顶留1叶(RT+1LM)、去顶留所有叶(RT+ALM)、留顶去叶(TM+RL)、留顶留1叶(TM+1LM)及正常植株(CK) 6个处理"

图2

2014-2015年物理损伤对棉花单株生物量积累的影响缩写同图1。Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

图3

2014-2015年物理损伤对棉花群体叶面积指数的影响缩写同图1。Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

图4

2014-2015年物理损伤对棉花净光合速率(Pn)的影响缩写同图1。"

表1

2014-2015年物理损伤对棉花生物产量和棉柴比的影响"

处理
Treatment		20142015平均Average
生物产量
Biological yield
(kg hm-2)		棉柴比Seedcotton/
stalk		生物产量
Biological yield
(kg hm-2)		棉柴比Seedcotton/
stalk		生物产量
Biological yield
(kg hm-2)		棉柴比Seedcotton/
stalk
RTL9902 cd0.33 e10158 b0.39 d10030 b0.36 d
RT+1LM12384 a0.40 d11130 a0.42 d11757 a0.40 d
RT+ALM11229 b0.45 c11105 a0.51 c11167 a0.48 c
TM+RL8422 d0.52 b7737 d0.65 b8079 c0.58 b
TM+1LM10100 c0.71 a10249 b0.71 ab10114 b0.71 a
CK10053 c0.72 a9699 c0.80 a9876 b0.76 a

表2

2014-2015年物理损伤对棉花产量、产量结构和早熟性的影响"

处理
Treatment		20142015
籽棉
Seedcotton
(kg hm-2)		铃数
Bolls m-2		铃重
Boll weight
(g)		早熟性
Earliness
(%)		籽棉
Seedcotton
(kg hm-2)		铃数
Bolls m-2		铃重
Boll weight
(g)		早熟性
Earliness
(%)
RTL2646 f60.5 e4.3 c52.5 e2907 e73.4 d4.0 e65.8 f
RT+1LM3438 d69.4 b5.1 b79.9 c3310 c78.5 b4.2 d80.9 d
RT+ALM3510 c67.3 c5.1 b84.4 b3705 b77.1 c4.3 d83.6 b
TM+RL2826 e63.1 d4.5 c57.8 d3066 d76.9 c4.5 c75.5 e
TM+1LM4017 ab72.6 a5.5 a80.0 c4219 a80.7 a5.1 b82.9 c
CK4152 a74.7 a5.6 a90.4 a4306 a81.8 a5.4 a91.1 a
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