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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 957-966.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.81068

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

限水减氮对豫北冬小麦产量和植株不同层次器官干物质运转的影响

姜丽娜1,马静丽1,方保停2,马建辉1,李春喜1,王志敏3,蒿宝珍3,4,*()   

  1. 1 河南师范大学生命科学学院, 河南新乡 453007
    2 河南省农科院小麦研究中心, 河南郑州 450002
    3 中国农业大学农学院, 北京 100193
    4 新乡学院生命科学技术学院, 河南新乡 453003
  • 收稿日期:2018-09-29 接受日期:2019-01-19 出版日期:2019-06-12 网络出版日期:2019-06-12
  • 通讯作者: 蒿宝珍
  • 作者简介:E-mail: jianglina73@aliyun.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目课题(2017YFD0301101, 2016YFD0300203-3);国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAD07B14);中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项(中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所)(FIRI2018-08-01);博士科研启动项目(1366020075, 1399020175)

Effect of lower water and nitrogen supply on grain yield and dry matter remobilization of organs in different layers of winter wheat plant in northern Henan province

Li-Na JIANG1,Jing-Li MA1,Bao-Ting FANG2,Jian-Hui MA1,Chun-Xi LI1,Zhi-Min WANG3,Bao-Zhen HAO3,4,*()   

  1. 1 College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
    2 Wheat Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
    3 College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
    4 School of Life Science and Technology, College of Xinxiang, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
  • Received:2018-09-29 Accepted:2019-01-19 Published:2019-06-12 Published online:2019-06-12
  • Contact: Bao-Zhen HAO
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National “13th Five-Year” Key Research and Development Plan(2017YFD0301101, 2016YFD0300203-3);the National Key Technology Support Program of China(2013BAD07B14);Basic Research Funding of National Research Institute (Farmland Irrigation Research Institute)(FIRI2018-08-01);the Scientific Research Staring of Doctoral Program(1366020075, 1399020175)

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摘要：

采用节水栽培并减少氮肥用量是实现豫北冬小麦生产的高产、高效和环境友好发展的必然选择, 探明限水减氮对冬小麦产量和植株各层次器官干物质运转的影响, 可为该地区冬小麦节水栽培和合理施用氮肥提供科学依据。2009—2010和2010—2011年连续2年在河南浚县钜桥进行小麦田间裂区试验, 主区设置2个灌溉水平[拔节水(W1)和拔节水+开花水 (W2)], 副区设置5个氮肥水平[330 kg hm -2 (N4, 豫北地区小麦生产中常规施氮量)、270 kg hm -2 (N3)、210 kg hm -2 (N2)、120 kg hm -2 (N1)、0 kg hm -2 (N0)], 测定了籽粒产量和植株各层次器官干物质运转量、运转率和对籽粒贡献率。减量施氮与N4相比, 各营养器官向籽粒运转的干物质量均有增加, 其中, 穗轴+颖壳的干物质运转量增加了323.2%, 增幅远高于茎节的24.5%和叶片的4.6%, 且穗轴+颖壳的干物质运转率和对籽粒贡献率增幅也远高于茎节和叶片。减量施氮处理的叶片干物质运转量的增加主要源于倒三叶和倒四叶, 分别增加28.7%和201.1%, 而茎节干物质运转量的增加主要源于除穗位节外的其他茎节, 分别增加21.7% (倒二节)、71.8% (倒三节)、44.5% (倒四节)和31.1% (余节)。与W2相比, W1干物质运转量无显著差异, 但干物质运转率略高(24.6% vs. 23.8%), 对籽粒贡献率较高(35.1% vs. 30.0%), 籽粒产量降低11.2%, 水分供应量减少750 m 3hm -2。可见, 减量施氮促进了营养器官, 尤其是穗轴+颖壳和下层器官(倒三叶、倒四叶、倒三节、倒四节和余节)的干物质向籽粒的运转, 提高了对籽粒贡献率, 有利于提高籽粒产量。

关键词: 冬小麦, 减氮, 限水灌溉, 干物质, 运转

Abstract:

Reducing irrigation and N fertilizer application is an inevitable option to meet the target of enhancing grain yield, improving nutrient use efficiency and developing friendly environment in winter wheat production of northern Henan province. Clarifying effects of lower water and nitrogen supply on grain yield and dry matter remobilization of organs in different layers of wheat plant can provide scientific basis for rational N fertilizer inputs in wheat production with limited irrigation in Northern Henan province. A field experiment was carried out at the Xun County Experimental Station, Henan province by a split-plot design with water regime as the main plot and N rate as sub-plot factor in 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 growing seasons. There were two water regimes: W1 (irrigation of 75 mm water at stem elongation stage) and W2 (irrigation of 75 mm water at stem elongation stage plus 75 mm at anthesis), and five nitrogen (N) treatments: 120+210 kg ha -1 (N4, traditional N application rate with pre-sowing N and top-dressed N at elongation), 120+150 kg ha -1 (N3), 120+90 kg ha -1 (N2), 120+0 kg ha -1 (N1), and 0+0 kg ha -1 (N0). Grain yield and dry matter remobilization amount, dry matter remobilization efficiency, contribution rate of dry matter remobilization to grain of individual organs of wheat plant were analyzed. Compared with N4, the treatments of decreased N rate increased the amount, efficiency and contribution rate to grain of dry matter remobilization in vegetative organs, among them the dry matter remobilization amount of chaff increased by 323.2%, which was higher than that of stem (24.5%) and leaf (4.6%), as well as dry matter remobilization efficiency and contribution rate of dry matter remobilization to grain in chaff increased by 313.7% and 77.0%, respectively, which were higher than those in stem (30.9% and 36.8%) and leaf (17.8% and 13.4%). The increase of dry matter remobilization from leaf in treatments of decreased N rates was mainly attributed to the increased dry matter remobilization amount from the 3rd leaf and 4th leaf, which was 28.7% and 201.1%, respectively. Similarly, the increase of dry matter remobilization from stem in treatments of decreased N rates was mainly attributed to the increased dry matter accumulation amount from the 2nd internode, the 3rd internode, the 4th internode and residue internodes, which was 21.7%, 71.8%, 44.5%, and 31.1%, respectively. There were no signi?cant differences in dry matter accumulation amount between W1 and W2, with slight higher dry matter remobilization efficiency in W1 (24.6%) than in W2 (23.8%), and higher contribution rate of dry matter remobilization to grain in W1 (35.1%) than in W2 (30.0%). Compared with W2, W1 reduced grain yield by 11.2% with a water reduction of 750 m 3ha -1. The results indicate that lower nitrogen supply enhances the dry matter remobilization from wheat vegetative organs to grains, improving the contribution rate of dry matter remobilization to grain, which is mainly contributed by chaff and lower layer organs (the 3rd leaf, the 4th leaf, the 3rd internode, the 4th internode and residue internodes), but not by upper layer organs.

Key words: winter wheat, low nitrogen application, limited irrigation, dry matter, remobilization

图1

2009-2010和2010-2011年度冬小麦生育期间月降雨量及1981-2008年(28年)小麦生育期月平均降雨量"

表1

减氮处理(N3、N2、N1、N0)与常规施氮处理(N4)相比小麦植株各器官干物质运转量、运转率和对籽粒贡献率的增加量和增加率"

器官
Organ		 运转量DMRA 运转率DMRE 贡献率CDMR
增加量
Increase amount
(mg stem-1)		 增加率
Increase rate (%)		 增加量
Increase amount (%)		 增加率
Increase rate
(%)		 增加量
Increase amount (%)		 增加率
Increase rate
(%)
穗轴+颖壳Chaff 23.0 323.2 6.0 313.7 1.8 377.0
旗叶 Flag leaf -1.6 -4.2 0 0.1 0.1 2.8
倒二叶 2nd leaf -2.8 -7.4 -0.7 -1.9 0 0.3
倒三叶 3rd leaf 4.3 28.7 7.4 32.9 0.4 39.6
倒四叶 4th leaf 7.0 201.1 17.4 182.7 0.6 244.5
余叶 Residue leaf -1.9 -11.8 0.4 1.0 0 -3.7
叶片 Leaf 5.1 4.6 4.9 17.8 1.0 13.4
倒一节 1st internode -9.9 -15.9 -2.3 -12.9 -0.4 -9.4
倒二节 2nd internode 12.8 21.7 4.5 19.3 1.4 34.2
倒三节 3rd internode 22.9 71.8 10.8 63.6 2.0 91.6
倒四节 4th internode 19.2 44.5 9.5 31.2 1.8 60.0
余节 Residue internode 14.6 31.1 18.9 41.6 1.4 42.8
茎节 Internode 59.6 24.5 8.3 30.9 6.3 36.8

图2

不同氮肥和水分处理下小麦植株地上部各器官干物质运转量 误差线表示3次重复的标准误。括号内的数值为氮肥处理间差异达到显著水平的LSD0.05值。"

图3

不同氮肥和水分处理下小麦植株地上部各器官干物质运转率 误差线表示3次重复的标准误。括号内的数值为氮肥处理间差异达到显著水平的LSD0.05值。"

图4

不同氮肥和水分处理下小麦植株地上部各器官干物质运转对籽粒贡献率 误差线表示3次重复的标准误。括号内的数值为氮肥处理间达到显著差异的LSD0.05值。"

图5

不同氮肥和水分处理下小麦籽粒产量 误差线表示3次重复的标准误, 其上所标不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

图6

不同氮肥处理下小麦植株地上部全部营养器官的平均干物质运转量(A)、运转率(B)和对籽粒贡献率(C) 各箱体中, 实线表示中位数, 虚线表示平均值。箱体上方不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05)。"

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