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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 1416-1429.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.94174

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

DPC+化学封顶对不同施氮量下棉花叶片光合生理特性的影响

时晓娟1(), 韩焕勇2,*(), 王方永2, 郝先哲1, 高宏云1, 罗宏海1,*()   

  1. 1 石河子大学农学院, 新疆石河子 832000
    2 新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所, 新疆石河子 832000
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-11 接受日期:2020-04-15 出版日期:2020-09-12 网络出版日期:2020-05-06
  • 通讯作者: 韩焕勇,罗宏海
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 1498975919@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0101600);新疆兵团重点领域创新团队(2017CB011);新疆兵团重大专项资助(2016AA001-2,4)

Effects of chemical topping with fortified mepiquat chloride on photosynthetic characteristics of cotton leaves under different nitrogen rates

SHI Xiao-Juan1(), HAN Huan-Yong2,*(), WANG Fang-Yong2, HAO Xian-Zhe1, GAO Hong-Yun1, LUO Hong-Hai1,*()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
    2 Cotton Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2019-11-11 Accepted:2020-04-15 Published:2020-09-12 Published online:2020-05-06
  • Contact: Huan-Yong HAN,Hong-Hai LUO
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0101600);Innovation Team in Key Areas of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops(2017CB011);National Science and Technology Major of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops(2016AA001-2,4)

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摘要：

在北疆气候条件下, 为明确棉花对不同施氮量下增效缩节胺[DPC+, 25%甲哌鎓(1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride, DPC)水剂]化学封顶效应的响应, 以新陆早53号为试验材料, 在150(N1)、300(N2)和450(N3) kg hm-2施氮水平下, 以人工打顶(P0)为对照, 研究DPC+剂量[450(P1)、750(P2)和1050(P3) mL hm-2]对棉花叶绿素含量(Chl)、叶面积(LA)、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数及干物质累积与分配的影响。结果表明, 同一DPC+剂量下, 随施氮量增加, Chl、LA、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数和生殖器官干物质(RODM)均呈现先上升后下降的趋势; 同一施氮量下, 上述参数因DPC+剂量不同呈不同变化趋势, 其中N1水平下以P1处理、N2水平下以P2处理、N3水平下以P3处理表现出较高的RODM、Chl、净光合速率(Pn)、实际光化学效率(ФPSII)、电子传递速率(ETR), 较低的非光化学淬灭(NPQ)。DPC+与施氮量互作表现为, 与其他处理相比, Chl、Pn、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、ФPSII、ETR、RODM在N2P2处理下分别提高了15.52%、29.39%、27.97%、36.77%、23.28%、23.55%、8.41%~22.24%, NPQ降低了34.54%。相关分析表明, 干物质累积和Chl、LA、Pn、Gs、ФPSII均呈显著正相关, 与NPQ呈极显著负相关。因此, 在喷施DPC+(750 mL hm-2)条件下, 适量追施氮肥(300 kg hm-2)能改善棉花光合性能, 在增加干物质累积的基础上, 促进了光合产物向生殖器官分配。

关键词: 棉花, 施氮量, DPC+, 化学封顶, 干物质累积

Abstract:

This study aims to explore the effects of fortified mepiquat chloride (25% DPC, 1,1-dimethyl piperidinium chloride) on cotton leaf photosynthetic regulation under different nitrogen fertilizations. Field experiments were used Xinluzao 53 and conducted split plot arrangement with three nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels [150 (N1), 300 (N2), 450 (N3) kg hm-2] and three DPC+ doses [450 (P1), 750 (P2), 1050 (P3) mL hm-2]. Chlorophyll content, leaf area, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and dry matter accumulation were investigated. With the increasing nitrogen application level, the chlorophyll content, leaf area, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and reproductive organs dry matter accumulation were increased first and then decreased. P1N1, P2N2, and P3N3 treatments had greater reproductive organ dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), actual photochemical efficiency (ФPSII), electron transfer rate (ETR), and lower non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). N2P2 treatment increased chlorophyll content, Pn, Tr, Gs, ФPSII, ETR, reproductive organs dry matter accumulation by 15.52%, 29.39%, 27.97%, 36.77%, 23.28%, 23.55%, 8.41%-22.24% respectively, while reduced NPQ by 34.54%, compared with other counterparts. The correlation analysis showed that the dry matter accumulation was significantly positively correlated with chlorophyll content, leaf area, Pn, Gs, ФPSII, and significantly negatively correlated with NPQ. In conclusion, the application of nitrogen fertilizer at 300 kg hm-2 in combination with DPC+(750 mL hm-2) improved leaf photosynthetic characteristics and promoted the distribution of photosynthates to reproductive organs due to increased dry matter accumulation.

Key words: cotton, nitrogen application rate, DPC+, chemical topping, dry matter accumulation

图1

DPC+剂量对不同施氮量下棉花叶绿素的影响 FF: 盛花期; FB: 盛铃期; BO: 吐絮期; N1: 低氮(150 kg hm-2); N2: 中氮(300 kg hm-2); N3: 高氮(450 kg hm-2); P0: 人工打顶; P1: 低剂量DPC+(450 mL hm-2); P2: 中剂量DPC+(750 mL hm-2); P3: 高剂量DPC+(1050 mL hm-2)。"

表1

DPC+剂量对不同施氮量下棉花叶面积(m2 hm-2)的影响"

处理
Treatment		 2013 2014
盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening		 盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening
N1 22608 c 38656 c 36204 c 22207 c 38556 c 36604 c
N2 27345 b 41950 b 38904 b 26945 b 41900 b 39004 b
N3 28409 a 43090 a 40113 a 28298 a 43006 a 40127 a
P1 26635 a 42571 a 39506 a 26280 a 42238 a 39650 a
P2 26679 a 41392 ab 38495 ab 26398 a 41170 a 38379 b
P3 25022 b 39923 c 37555 b 24733 b 39795 b 37781 b
P0 26146 a 41041 bc 38072 b 25857 a 41413 a 38502 b
N1P0 22399 f 38269 bc 36059 e 21997 fg 38169 fg 36461 de
N1P1 23900 e 39967 b 37356 de 23498 e 39766 def 37959 cd
N1P2 22768 ef 39074 bc 36091 e 22371 ef 38776 efg 36489 de
N1P3 21365 f 37314 c 35307 e 20964 g 37514 g 35508 e
N2P0 27337 bcd 42502 a 39209 abcd 26938 cd 42003 abc 38611 bc
N2P1 26973 cd 43296 a 39713 abc 26575 cd 43196 ab 39912 abc
N2P2 28800 ab 42247 a 39237 abcd 28399 ab 42047abc 38936 bc
N2P3 26269 d 39753 b 37456 cde 25870 d 40354 cde 38556 bc
N3P0 28901 ab 42351 a 38947 bcd 28635 ab 44069 a 40435 ab
处理
Treatment		 2013 2014
盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening		 盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening
N3P1 29033 a 44451 a 41448 a 28766 a 43750 a 41081 a
N3P2 28469 abc 42854 a 40157 ab 28425 ab 42687 ab 39712 abc
N3P3 27747 bcd 42702 a 39902 ab 27366 bc 41517 bcd 39280 abc
N * * * * * *
P * * * * * *
N×P * ns ns * ns ns

图2

DPC+剂量对不同施氮量下棉花气体交换参数的影响(2014) 缩写同图1。"

图3

DPC+剂量对不同施氮量下棉花叶片Fv/Fm的影响 缩写同图1。"

表2

DPC+剂量对不同施氮量下棉花ФPSII的影响"

处理
Treatment		 2013 2014
盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening		 盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening
N1 0.49 a 0.38 a 0.32 b 0.36 c 0.29 c 0.16 c
N2 0.57 a 0.43 a 0.36 a 0.50 a 0.35 a 0.26 a
N3 0.49 a 0.38 a 0.34 ab 0.47 b 0.31 b 0.22 b
P1 0.50 a 0.40 a 0.35 a 0.45 b 0.31 b 0.22 b
P2 0.52 a 0.39 a 0.34 a 0.47 a 0.35 a 0.22 b
P3 0.52 a 0.39 a 0.33 a 0.43 bc 0.31 b 0.16 c
P0 0.53 a 0.40 a 0.35 a 0.41 c 0.29 b 0.25 a
N1P0 0.51 abc 0.38 a 0.33 a 0.33 ef 0.26 f 0.20 ef
N1P1 0.61 abc 0.42 a 0.37 a 0.43 cd 0.34 b 0.30 b
N1P2 0.44 abc 0.34 a 0.32 ab 0.36 e 0.31 cd 0.09 h
N1P3 0.39 c 0.33 a 0.28 b 0.30 f 0.25 f 0.05 i
N2P0 0.63 ab 0.42 a 0.37 a 0.47 bc 0.33 bc 0.30 b
N2P1 0.46 abc 0.40 a 0.34 a 0.51 b 0.31 bcd 0.19 fg
N2P2 0.68 a 0.43 a 0.37 a 0.59 a 0.41 a 0.34 a
N2P3 0.52 abc 0.41 a 0.37 a 0.42 d 0.34 bc 0.21 de
N3P0 0.42 abc 0.38 a 0.35 a 0.43 cd 0.29 de 0.24 c
N3P1 0.43 bc 0.34 a 0.33 a 0.41 d 0.27 ef 0.17 g
N3P2 0.44 abc 0.37 a 0.34 a 0.47 bc 0.32 bcd 0.23 cd
N3P3 0.64 ab 0.40 a 0.37 a 0.57 a 0.34 b 0.23 cd
N ns ns * * * *
P ns ns ns * * *
N×P * ns * * * *

表3

DPC+剂量对不同施氮量下棉花ETR的影响"

处理
Treatment		 2013 2014
盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening		 盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening
N1 112.09 b 106.81 a 97.03 a 101.04 b 65.97 b 43.58 b
N2 143.09 a 112.14 a 105.68 a 126.81 a 75.57 a 56.89 a
N3 127.59 ab 105.97 a 99.25 a 90.38 c 66.87 b 29.16 c
P1 128.25 a 104.69 a 100.76 a 106.24 b 72.16 b 42.74 a
P2 131.40 a 115.22 a 105.99 a 117.34 a 80.09 a 43.85 a
P3 135.10 a 113.61 a 103.08 a 116.19 a 70.02 b 42.95 a
P0 115.60 a 99.71 a 92.79 a 84.54 c 55.61 c 43.30 a
N1P0 104.98a 94.04 a 91.18 a 80.02 e 56.36 hi 37.98 fg
N1P1 126.54 a 112.10 a 104.41 a 115.28 bc 73.01 de 57.70 b
N1P2 112.45 a 111.15 a 102.10 a 105.79 cd 67.89 def 43.40 de
N1P3 104.41 a 106.76 a 90.44 a 103.08 d 66.61 ef 35.26 g
N2P0 120.29 a 103.01 a 96.47 a 100.36 d 58.92 gh 51.24 c
N2P1 143.82 a 112.36 a 106.52 a 123.42 b 79.42 bc 61.03 b
N2P2 159.12 a 120.85 a 113.79 a 143.76 a 89.66 a 69.17 a
N2P3 149.12 a 113.68 a 105.92 a 139.70 a 74.29 cd 46.11 d
N3P0 116.68 a 102.09 a 90.73 a 73.24 e 51.54 i 40.69 ef
N3P1 114.39 a 96.98 a 92.75 a 80.02 e 64.05 fg 9.49 i
N3P2 122.65 a 104.42 a 102.06 a 102.47 d 67.89 b 18.99 h
N3P3 151.76 a 120.39 a 112.87 a 105.79 cd 69.17 def 47.47 cd
N ns ns ns * * *
P ns ns ns * * ns
N×P ns ns ns * * *

表4

DPC+剂量对不同施氮量下棉花NPQ的影响"

处理
Treatment		 2013 2014
盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening		 盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening
N1 112.09 b 106.81 a 97.03 a 101.04 b 65.97 b 43.58 b
N2 143.09 a 112.14 a 105.68 a 126.81 a 75.57 a 56.89 a
N3 127.59 ab 105.97 a 99.25 a 90.38 c 66.87 b 29.16 c
P1 128.25 a 104.69 a 100.76 a 106.24 b 72.16 b 42.74 a
P2 131.40 a 115.22 a 105.99 a 117.34 a 80.09 a 43.85 a
P3 135.10 a 113.61 a 103.08 a 116.19 a 70.02 b 42.95 a
P0 115.60 a 99.71 a 92.79 a 84.54 c 55.61 c 43.30 a
N1P0 104.98a 94.04 a 91.18 a 80.02 e 56.36 hi 37.98 fg
N1P1 126.54 a 112.10 a 104.41 a 115.28 bc 73.01 de 57.70 b
N1P2 112.45 a 111.15 a 102.10 a 105.79 cd 67.89 def 43.40 de
N1P3 104.41 a 106.76 a 90.44 a 103.08 d 66.61 ef 35.26 g
处理
Treatment		 2013 2014
盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening		 盛花期
Full flowering		 盛铃期
Full boll		 吐絮期
Boll opening
N2P0 120.29 a 103.01 a 96.47 a 100.36 d 58.92 gh 51.24 c
N2P1 143.82 a 112.36 a 106.52 a 123.42 b 79.42 bc 61.03 b
N2P2 159.12 a 120.85 a 113.79 a 143.76 a 89.66 a 69.17 a
N2P3 149.12 a 113.68 a 105.92 a 139.70 a 74.29 cd 46.11 d
N3P0 116.68 a 102.09 a 90.73 a 73.24 e 51.54 i 40.69 ef
N3P1 114.39 a 96.98 a 92.75 a 80.02 e 64.05 fg 9.49 i
N3P2 122.65 a 104.42 a 102.06 a 102.47 d 67.89 b 18.99 h
N3P3 151.76 a 120.39 a 112.87 a 105.79 cd 69.17 def 47.47 cd
N ns ns ns * * *
P ns ns ns * * ns
N×P ns ns ns * * *

表5

DPC剂量对不同施氮量下对棉花地上部干物质质量、生殖器官干物质质量的影响"

图4

DPC+剂量对不同施氮量下生殖器官干重所占比例的影响 缩写同图1。"

表6

不同时期测定参数与单株地上部和生殖器官干物质重的相关参数"

生育时期
Growth stage		 参数
Parameter		 SDM RODM LA Chl Pn Tr Gs Fv/Fm ФPS II ETR NPQ
盛花期
Full flowering		 SDM 1
RODM 0.882** 1
LA 0.901** 0.838** 1
Chl 0.788** 0.894** 0.713** 1
Pn 0.941** 0.887** 0.764** 0.877** 1
Tr 0.353 0.536 0.113 0.602* 0.617* 1
Gs 0.837** 0.857** 0.638* 0.851** 0.955** 0.769** 1
Fv/Fm 0.300 0.346 0.101 0.248 0.273 0.122 0.236 1
ФPS II 0.649* 0.827** 0.499 0.870** 0.806** 0.718** 0.808** 0.333 1
ETR 0.427 0.584* 0.262 0.614* 0.620* 0.824** 0.742** -0.004 0.685* 1
NPQ -0.687* -0.884** -0.581* -0.879** -0.821** -0.811** -0.872** -0.316 -0.869** -0.782** 1
盛铃期
Full boll		 SDM 1
RODM 0.643* 1
LA 0.903** 0.552 1
Chl 0.506 0.693* 0.316 1
Pn 0.583* 0.834** 0.453 0.734** 1
Tr 0.173 0.711** 0.122 0.647* 0.665* 1
Gs 0.568 0.885** 0.521 0.719** 0.933** 0.607* 1
Fv/Fm 0.138 -0.181 0.210 -0.359 -0.308 -0.326 -0.350 1
ФPS II 0.344 0.786** 0.267 0.857** 0.640* 0.826** 0.683* -0.313 1
ETR 0.060 0.303 0.014 0.666* 0.419 0.681* 0.330 -0.137 0.667* 1
生育时期
Growth stage		 参数
Parameter		 SDM RODM LA Chl Pn Tr Gs Fv/Fm ФPS II ETR NPQ
盛铃期
Full boll		 NPQ -0.471 -0.828** -0.372 -0.912** -0.788** -0.847** -0.797** 0.246 -0.933** -0.683* 1
吐絮期
Boll opening		 SDM 1
RODM 0.809** 1
LA 0.864** 0.464 1
Chl 0.707* 0.888** 0.393 1
Pn 0.682* 0.806** 0.354 0.930** 1
Tr 0.373 0.714** 0.011 0.878** 0.782** 1
Gs 0.684* 0.954** 0.325 0.926** 0.863** 0.799** 1
Fv/Fm -0.083 0.163 -0.379 0.324 0.292 0.476 0.219 1
ФPS II 0.605* 0.735** 0.445 0.690* 0.514 0.571 0.692* -0.224 1
ETR 0.224 0.641* -0.113 0.772** 0.682* 0.916** 0.719** 0.376 0.520 1
NPQ -0.546 -0.866** -0.231 -0.888** -0.777** -0.825** -0.872** -0.233 -0.716** -0.888** 1
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