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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 1430-1447.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.02017

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

控水增密模式对杂交籼稻减氮后产量形成的调控效应

李敏*(), 罗德强*(), 江学海, 蒋明金, 姬广梅, 李立江, 周维佳   

  1. 贵州省农业科学院水稻研究所, 贵州贵阳550006
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-08 接受日期:2020-06-02 出版日期:2020-09-12 网络出版日期:2020-06-17
  • 通讯作者: 李敏,罗德强
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31660369);贵州省科技基金项目资助(2016-1148)

Regulations of controlled irrigations and increased densities on yield formation of hybrid indica rice under nitrogen-reduction conditions

LI Min*(), LUO De-Qiang*(), JIANG Xue-Hai, JIANG Ming-Jin, JI Guang-Mei, LI Li-Jiang, ZHOU Wei-Jia   

  1. Rice Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, Guizhou, China
  • Received:2020-03-08 Accepted:2020-06-02 Published:2020-09-12 Published online:2020-06-17
  • Contact: Min LI,De-Qiang LUO
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31660369);Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(2016-1148)

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摘要：

以杂交籼稻品种成优981为试验材料, 于2017—2018年开展大田试验, 以常规高产栽培(N0W0D0)为对照: N0为施氮量187.5 kg hm-2、W0为湿润灌溉(0 kPa)、D0为密度20.0×104 hm-2, 在减氮10% (N-10%)和减氮30% (N-30%)条件下分别设置3种单一增密处理(W0D1、W0D2、W0D3; D1为增密20%、D2为增密40%、D3为增密60%)和9种控水增密耦合模式处理(W1D1、W1D2、W1D3、W2D1、W2D2、W2D3、W3D1、W3D2和W3D3; W1、W2、W3分别为轻、中、重干湿交替灌溉, 低限土壤水势分别为-10 kPa、-20 kPa和-30 kPa), 研究控水增密耦合模式对水稻不同程度减氮后产量形成的调控效应。结果表明: (1) 减氮10% (N-10%)条件下, 3种单一增密处理均较对照减产, 其中W0D1与对照相比产量差异不显著, 其成熟期干物质积累量略有提高, 但收获指数降低。9种控水增密模式中W1D1和W2D1分别较对照平均增产3.70%和1.19%, 前者差异达显著水平, 该2种模式的有效穗数与对照基本相当, 穗粒数分别降低3.50%和2.79%, 结实率分别提高3.04%和2.37%, 千粒重分别增加0.71%和0.35%, 2种模式增产的主要原因是分蘖成穗率分别提高3.88%和5.54%, 抽穗期高效叶面积指数分别提高2.77%和0.59%, 同时成熟期干物质积累总量与对照基本相当, 且穗部干物质分配量分别增加3.87%和1.78%、穗部干物质分配比例分别增加5.50%和6.24%, 收获指数分别提高5.53%和5.93%。(2) 减氮30% (N-30%)条件下, 9种控水增密模式2年均较对照显著减产, 平均减产15.44%~30.85%, 其中W2D2和W1D2模式减产幅度较小。因此, 合理的控水增密耦合模式能在少量减氮条件下调控群体生长特性以实现水稻增产, 但过量减氮条件下控水增密模式的调控效应变弱、难以实现高产。

关键词: 杂交籼稻, 减氮, 控水, 增密, 调控

Abstract:

Rice is one of the most important staple food crops of the world, both water management and plant density are crucial factors for the growth and development of rice. However, little information has been known about the combined effects of water management and plant density on grain yield under nitrogen-reduction conditions in rice. Field experiments were conducted in the farm of Rice Research Institute of Guizhou Agricultural Sciences Academy in 2017 and 2018. The hybrid indica rice cultivar Chengyou 981 was selected as the material, and the conventional high-yielding cultivation model as the control (CK), of which the nitrogen application rate (N0) was 187.5 kg hm -2, the water management (W0) was wet irrigation, and the plant density (D0) was 20.0×104hm-2. Three models with increased density (W0D1: a density increased by 20%, W0D2: a density increased by 40%, and W0D3: a density increased by 60%) and nine combined models of controlled irrigation and increased density (W1D1, W1D2, W1D3, W2D1, W2D2, W2D3, W3D1, W3D2, and W3D3) were set to study the yield and its formation of rice under two nitrogen-reduction conditions. W1, alternate wetting and light drying irrigation with -10 kPa of the minimum soil water potential; W2, alternate wetting and moderate drying irrigation with -20 kPa of the minimum soil water potential; and W3, alternate wetting and heavy drying irrigation with -30 kPa of the minimum soil water potential. The results were as follows: (1) When the nitrogen application was reduced by 10%, compared with CK, the grain yields of three increased density treatments were significantly decreased except W0D1, which had a slightly increased dry matter accumulation at maturity. Among the nine combined models of controlled water and increased density, the grain yields of W1D1 and W2D1 were 3.70% and 1.19% higher than that of CK, respectively. The effective panicle numbers of W1D1 and W2D1 were equivalent to that of CK, while the spikelet numbers per panicle decreased by 3.50% and 2.79%, seed-setting rates increased by 3.04% and 2.37%, and 1000-grain weights increased by 0.71% and 0.35%, respectively. Compared with CK, the higher grain yields of W1D1 and W2D1 were attributed to 3.88% and 5.54% higher percentage of productive tillers, 2.77% and 0.59% higher highly effective leaf area index at heading, 3.87% and 1.78% higher dry matter accumulation in panicles, 5.50% and 6.24% higher percentage of dry matter accumulation in panicles, 5.53% and 5.93% higher harvest index, and the equivalent total dry matter accumulation at maturity, respectively. (2) When the nitrogen application was reduced by 30%, the grain yields of nine combined models of controlled water and increased density were significantly decreased by 15.44%-30.85% as compared with CK. W2D2 and W1D2 had the smallest yield reductions. Therefore, the reasonable combined model of controlled water and increased density under a small amount of nitrogen-reduction could improve the growth characteristics of rice plants and increase grain yield, while the regulatory effects of controlled water and increased density became weaker and resulted in significantly lower grain yield under the excessive nitrogen-reduction.

Key words: hybrid indica rice, nitrogen-reduction, controlled irrigation, increased density, regulation

表1

2017-2018年不同年份间相同试验处理下主要指标的方差分析(F值)"

方差分析
Analysis of variance		 产量
Grain yield		 分蘖成穗率
Percentage of
productive tillers		 抽穗期高效叶面积指数Highly effective leaf area index at heading 干物质积累总量
Above ground
biomass		 收获指数
Harvest index
年度Year (Y) 44.37** 2.56 ns 3.12 ns 44.37** 1.28 ns
年度×栽培模式Y×cultivation model 1.49 ns 1.21 ns 0.87 ns 1.49 ns 0.25 ns

表2

水稻产量性状的方差分析"

性状
Trait		 变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
df		 平方和
Sum of square		 均方
Mean squares		 F值
F-test		 显著性
Significance
2017 有效穗数
Effective panicle number		 栽培模式CM 26 64,855.21 2494.43 28.02 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 4628.72 89.01
总变异Total 80 74,751.38
穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 栽培模式CM 26 5941.52 228.52 24.32 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 488.6 9.4
总变异Total 80 6738.84
结实率
Seed-setting rate		 栽培模式CM 26 1596.92 61.42 65.32 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 48.9 0.94
总变异Total 80 1669.74
性状
Trait		 变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
df		 平方和
Sum of square		 均方
Mean squares		 F值
F-test		 显著性
Significance
千粒重
1000-grain weight		 栽培模式CM 26 16.02 0.62 37.94 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 0.84 0.02
总变异Total 80 17.14
产量
Grain yield		 栽培模式CM 26 116.92 4.5 83.38 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 2.8 0.05
总变异Total 80 122.7
2018 有效穗数
Effective panicle number		 栽培模式CM 26 46,008.26 1769.55 25.58 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 3597.48 69.18
总变异Total 80 51,346.7
穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 栽培模式CM 26 4424.28 170.16 6.54 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 1353.34 26.03
总变异Total 80 5974.32
结实率
Seed-setting rate		 栽培模式CM 26 1339.77 51.53 36.97 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 72.47 1.39
总变异Total 80 1482.09
千粒重
1000-grain weight		 栽培模式CM 26 13.66 0.53 17.85 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 1.53 0.03
总变异Total 80 15.7
产量 栽培模式CM 26 91.41 3.52 19.77 < 0.01
Grain yield 误差Residual 52 9.25 0.18
总变异Total 80 102.23

表3

控水增密对水稻减氮后产量及其构成的影响(2017)"

栽培模式
Cultivation model		 有效穗数
Effective panicle number
(×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 颖花量
Total spikelets
(×104 hm-2)		 结实率
Seed-
setting rate
(%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)		 产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)
减氮
Nitrogen
reduction		 控水增密
Water and density
treatment
N0 W0D0 (CK) 276.2±10.6 200.3±5.7 55,287±1066 82.6±0.4 28.3±0.2 12.02±0.35
N-10% W0D0 255.1±6.7 189.2±4.0 48,256±1143 83.2±0.7 28.5±0.1 11.04±0.32
N-10% W0D1 288.4±17.2 183.6±5.9 52,883±1540 83.2±0.7 28.1±0.1 11.81±0.28
N-10% W0D2 307.3±7.1 175.3±2.6 53,862±997 75.1±0.7 27.6±0.2 11.10±0.35
N-10% W0D3 327.7±16.1 165.9±3.8 54,347±2421 69.6±2.3 27.1±0.1 9.52±0.37
N-10% W1D1 279.3±7.2 189.5±2.8 52,927±1541 85.1±0.5 28.5±0.2 12.49±0.51
N-10% W1D2 295.7±14.9 183.1±1.9 54,124±2181 77.6±0.3 28.1±0.2 11.24±0.38
N-10% W1D3 322.8±13.8 175.2±3.4 56,540±2161 70.3±0.5 27.1±0.1 9.68±0.49
N-10% W2D1 267.2±12.3 196.4±4.5 52,442±1179 84.5±0.7 28.4±0.2 12.20±0.62
N-10% W2D2 279.3±9.6 196.3±3.8 54,802±826 79.3±0.5 28.1±0.1 11.31±0.26
N-10% W2D3 298.8±20.4 188.8±5.0 56,346±2365 73.1±0.5 27.5±0.1 10.50±0.36
N-10% W3D1 256.9±4.9 201.3±1.8 51,715±1160 79.1±0.2 28.1±0.1 10.63±0.15
N-10% W3D2 268.8±6.9 197.2±2.0 52,998±839 77.2±0.9 27.8±0.2 10.28±0.19
N-10% W3D3 288.4±9.6 187.8±2.1 54,148±1230 72.3±1.7 27.6±0.0 9.84±0.12
N-30% W0D0 231.2±4.9 180.1±3.6 41,637±1099 83.8±2.4 28.6±0.1 9.05±0.15
栽培模式
Cultivation model		 有效穗数
Effective panicle number
(×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 颖花量
Total spikelets
(×104 hm-2)		 结实率
Seed-
setting rate
(%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)		 产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)
减氮
Nitrogen
reduction		 控水增密
Water and density
treatment
N-30% W0D1 237.5±19.3 182.2±6.4 43,191±2007 81.2±1.3 27.5±0.0 8.91±0.36
N-30% W0D2 263.3±11.4 176.3±2.0 46,410±1742 80.6±2.3 27.3±0.2 9.12±0.28
N-30% W0D3 283.6±12.2 170.7±2.3 48,414±2285 73.9±2.1 27.2±0.1 8.69±0.32
N-30% W1D1 229.7±18.7 188.1±7.4 43,166±3171 82.3±1.7 28.0±0.1 9.07±0.16
N-30% W1D2 253.9±22.8 186.3±3.1 47,260±3572 81.1±0.6 27.8±0.1 9.87±0.41
N-30% W1D3 274.8±20.4 179.5±4.4 49,283±2929 74.4±1.1 27.2±0.1 9.18±0.16
N-30% W2D1 222.2±11.7 191.3±2.3 42,489±1722 82.1±0.5 28.0±0.2 8.78±0.30
N-30% W2D2 249.2±3.3 190.4±3.3 47,450±1179 80.5±0.9 27.7±0.1 10.07±0.25
N-30% W2D3 267.3±19.1 182.6±3.7 48,778±2899 74.5±1.1 27.3±0.0 9.17±0.20
N-30% W3D1 214.7±12.1 191.0±3.4 40,995±2055 78.5±0.5 28.0±0.1 8.22±0.37
N-30% W3D2 241.6±15.5 189.3±2.0 45,743±3163 77.0±0.7 27.8±0.4 8.95±0.22
N-30% W3D3 258.3±6.1 186.7±3.0 48,216±847 73.1±0.3 27.4±0.2 8.79±0.26
LSD0.05 22.16 6.29 3263.90 1.90 0.24 0.53

表4

控水增密对水稻减氮后产量及其构成的影响(2018)"

栽培模式Cultivation model 有效穗数
Effective panicle number
(×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 颖花量
Total spikelets
(×104 hm-2)		 结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)		 产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)
减氮
Nitrogen
reduction		 控水增密
Water-density
treatment
N0 W0D0(CK) 264.1±4.7 198.4±3.4 52,388±351 82.1±1.8 28.2±0.2 11.43±0.23
N-10% W0D0 255.0±5.7 193.2±5.1 49,250±734 82.8±1.2 28.3±0.1 10.51±0.18
N-10% W0D1 263.8±9.2 192.6±3.1 50,795±1352 82.3±0.7 28.2±0.0 11.32±0.26
N-10% W0D2 279.4±6.9 187.7±1.8 52,436±911 78.6±1.3 27.8±0.1 10.71±0.34
N-10% W0D3 303.5±16.3 173.9±2.0 52,779±2937 68.9±1.7 27.0±0.4 9.09±0.17
N-10% W1D1 258.9±8.3 195.2±1.9 50,528±1196 84.6±1.0 28.4±0.2 11.63±0.24
N-10% W1D2 275.3±11.8 190.6±4.4 52,494±3145 79.3±1.7 28.0±0.3 10.98±0.48
N-10% W1D3 298.2±9.4 175.2±2.1 52,232±1075 70.1±3.0 27.1±0.1 9.17±0.15
N-10% W2D1 256.2±9.1 191.2±2.4 48,974±1313 84.1±1.5 28.3±0.2 11.48±0.07
N-10% W2D2 269.1±10.7 186.8±3.8 50,253±1698 80.1±1.5 28.0±0.3 11.05±0.39
N-10% W2D3 282.6±5.1 175.1±3.1 49,479±912 73.8±1.6 27.6±0.3 9.47±0.31
N-10% W3D1 232.8±6.2 190.7±3.5 44,385±886 82.2±1.4 28.0±0.3 9.78±0.10
N-10% W3D2 245.9±9.4 187.4±4.3 46,099±2598 80.2±1.6 27.6±0.3 9.66±0.42
N-10% W3D3 255.8±12.9 181.2±2.4 46,346±2299 75.9±1.3 27.3±0.2 9.03±0.22
N-30% W0D0 228.2±8.4 185.6±1.0 42,349±1378 83.6±0.6 28.6±0.0 9.29±0.12
N-30% W0D1 222.7±8.9 182.6±1.8 40,661±1544 82.9±2.0 28.1±0.1 9.11±0.29
N-30% W0D2 239.5±10.9 180.1±1.9 43,142±2263 80.5±0.4 28.0±0.2 9.40±0.26
栽培模式Cultivation model 有效穗数
Effective panicle number
(×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 颖花量
Total spikelets
(×104 hm-2)		 结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)		 产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)
减氮
Nitrogen
reduction		 控水增密
Water-density
treatment
N-30% W0D3 247.9±10.4 175.3±16.9 43,552±5699 78.4±0.8 27.5±0.1 8.61±1.28
N-30% W1D1 219.8±8.2 185.7±3.6 40,816±1692 84.6±2.5 28.5±0.1 9.32±0.20
N-30% W1D2 236.4±7.3 182.4±2.0 43,118±1326 83.1±0.4 28.2±0.2 9.58±0.20
N-30% W1D3 245.6±13.1 172.1±6.9 42,299±3394 80.6±1.6 27.7±0.2 8.73±0.50
N-30% W2D1 216.8±10.8 182.6±11.2 39,526±1644 83.5±3.2 28.3±0.2 8.84±0.58
N-30% W2D2 236.0±15.1 183.2±6.8 43,292±4217 83.9±2.1 28.2±0.3 9.76±0.75
N-30% W2D3 242.7±5.2 172.2±4.0 41,795±1435 80.4±1.1 27.7±0.2 8.85±0.74
N-30% W3D1 210.3±16.6 179.2±0.9 37,676±2769 82.1±1.2 28.0±0.2 7.99±0.57
N-30% W3D2 222.9±3.4 176.9±8.1 39,423±1616 81.3±1.1 27.7±0.0 8.42±0.42
N-30% W3D3 234.9±8.7 174.2±3.5 40,939±2319 75.6±1.9 27.4±0.3 8.02±0.41
LSD0.05 16.28 8.77 3712.90 2.66 0.32 0.73

表5

水稻分蘖性状的方差分析"

性状
Trait		 变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
df		 平方和
Sum of square		 均方
Mean squares		 F值
F-value		 显著性
Significance
拔节期茎蘖数
Tillers at elongation		 栽培模式CM 26 166,840.3 6416.94 64.03 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 5211.16 100.21
总变异Total 80 176,864.6
抽穗期茎蘖数
Tillers at heading		 栽培模式CM 26 73,586.9 2830.3 20.38 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 7497.9 138.8
总变异Total 80 81,084.7
成熟期茎蘖数
Tillers at maturity		 栽培模式CM 26 64,855.2 2494.4 13.61 < 0.01
误差Residual 54 9896.2 183.3
总变异Total 80 74,751.4
成穗率
Percentage of
productive tillers		 栽培模式CM 26 370.87 14.26 1.01 ns
误差Residual 52 730.94 14.06
总变异Total 80 1141.71

表6

控水增密对水稻减氮后分蘖性状的影响"

栽培模式Cultivation model 群体茎蘖数Tillers per unit area (×104 hm-2) 分蘖成穗率
Percentage of
productive tillers (%)
减氮
Nitrogen reduction		 控水增密
Water-density
treatment		 拔节期
Elongation stage		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage
N0 W0D0 (CK) 373.5±10.5 294.1±5.8 276.2±10.6 73.9±1.4
N-10% W0D0 348.1±9.8 278.0±6.1 255.1±6.7 73.3±0.5
N-10% W0D1 387.2±13.8 298.2±19.5 288.4±17.2 74.5±2.7
N-10% W0D2 416.8±13.5 327.5±8.4 307.3±7.1 73.8±1.6
N-10% W0D3 459.9±20.0 359.6±8.8 327.7±16.1 71.3±3.5
N-10% W1D1 361.6±8.2 292.5±6.3 279.3±7.2 77.2±0.7
N-10% W1D2 394.5±14.1 312.2±13.7 295.7±14.9 74.9±1.2
N-10% W1D3 448.4±16.9 352.6±11.5 322.8±13.8 72.0±1.4
N-10% W2D1 340.5±12.7 283.5±11.2 267.2±12.3 78.5±1.5
N-10% W2D2 370.5±12.7 316.7±17.8 279.3±9.6 75.4±3.2
N-10% W2D3 408.2±8.9 334.5±13.8 298.8±20.4 73.2±5.0
N-10% W3D1 321.3±14.7 270.2±8.9 256.9±4.9 80.1±3.4
N-10% W3D2 350.9±15.1 292.5±6.3 268.8±6.9 76.6±1.3
N-10% W3D3 389.8±9.5 310.6±12.1 288.4±9.6 74.0±1.9
N-30% W0D0 307.5±26.9 267.1±7.7 231.2±4.9 75.7±7.9
N-30% W0D1 315.9±14.9 265.7±10.6 237.5±19.3 75.1±3.6
N-30% W0D2 357.4±18.3 287.3±6.9 263.3±11.4 73.8±3.6
N-30% W0D3 389.2±24.4 311.6±10.3 283.6±12.2 73.2±7.4
N-30% W1D1 297.0±6.7 249.2±11.4 229.7±18.7 77.3±5.0
N-30% W1D2 336.2±7.4 272.9±17.3 253.9±22.8 75.5±6.8
N-30% W1D3 373.5±5.7 298.5±6.5 274.8±20.4 73.5±4.4
N-30% W2D1 286.4±6.2 241.6±13.7 222.2±11.7 77.6±3.7
N-30% W2D2 327.0±5.8 268.5±10.2 249.2±3.3 76.2±1.0
N-30% W2D3 358.5±11.1 294.2±22.7 267.3±19.1 74.6±6.2
N-30% W3D1 268.7±9.2 234.0±10.2 214.7±12.1 79.9±3.1
N-30% W3D2 316.4±12.6 267.1±12.5 241.6±15.5 76.3±2.4
N-30% W3D3 345.5±10.1 285.4±5.6 258.3±6.1 74.8±1.2
LSD0.05 22.30 19.29 22.16 6.19

表7

水稻叶面积性状的方差分析"

性状
Trait		 变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
df		 平方和
Sum of square		 均方
Mean squares		 F值
F-value		 显著性
Significance
叶面积指数
Leaf area index		 栽培模式CM 26 20.52 0.79 22.97 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 1.79 0.03
总变异Total 80 23.75
高效叶面积指数
Highly effective leaf area index		 栽培模式CM 26 3.99 0.15 3.49 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 2.29 0.04
总变异Total 80 7.04
高效叶面积率
Percentage of highly effective leaf area index		 栽培模式CM 26 459.69 17.68 1.93 < 0.05
误差Residual 52 477.00 9.17
总变异Total 80 940.60

表8

控水增密对水稻减氮后抽穗期叶面积指数的影响"

栽培模式Cultivation model 叶面积指数
Leaf area index		 高效叶面积指数
Highly effective leaf area index		 高效叶面积率
Percentage of highly effective leaf area index (%)
减氮
Nitrogen reduction		 控水增密
Water-density treatment
N0 W0D0 (CK) 7.82±0.10 5.05±0.07 64.58±0.57
N-10% W0D0 7.37±0.10 4.78±0.18 64.85±1.92
N-10% W0D1 7.85±0.14 5.01±0.24 63.82±2.77
N-10% W0D2 8.12±0.14 5.08±0.37 62.58±4.83
N-10% W0D3 8.29±0.34 4.89±0.11 59.02±1.41
N-10% W1D1 7.83±0.34 5.19±0.19 66.40±4.53
N-10% W1D2 8.08±0.21 5.12±0.20 63.36±1.41
N-10% W1D3 8.22±0.18 5.03±0.12 61.21±2.03
N-10% W2D1 7.71±0.18 5.08±0.07 65.92±2.19
N-10% W2D2 7.96±0.24 5.03±0.19 63.27±4.19
N-10% W2D3 8.11±0.11 4.97±0.28 61.27±3.11
N-10% W3D1 7.69±0.25 4.87±0.09 63.35±1.17
N-10% W3D2 7.82±0.28 4.78±0.23 61.11±0.94
N-10% W3D3 7.89±0.27 4.75±0.20 60.22±2.34
N-30% W0D0 6.72±0.13 4.43±0.28 65.89±3.05
N-30% W0D1 7.09±0.36 4.56±0.35 64.46±6.60
N-30% W0D2 7.46±0.31 4.77±0.44 63.85±3.38
N-30% W0D3 7.77±0.43 4.91±0.42 63.17±3.30
N-30% W1D1 7.12±0.21 4.71±0.08 66.19±2.17
N-30% W1D2 7.41±0.26 4.88±0.26 65.86±2.94
N-30% W1D3 7.68±0.11 4.86±0.07 63.29±1.12
N-30% W2D1 6.89±0.24 4.72±0.12 68.55±2.58
N-30% W2D2 7.13±0.19 4.65±0.14 65.23±1.84
N-30% W2D3 7.44±0.22 4.61±0.45 61.88±4.13
N-30% W3D1 6.33±0.18 4.39±0.20 69.39±3.54
N-30% W3D2 6.66±0.44 4.44±0.28 66.69±1.89
N-30% W3D3 7.14±0.15 4.57±0.12 64.02±2.05
LSD0.05 0.40 0.40 4.89

表9

水稻干物质积累量及收获指数的方差分析"

性状
Trait		 变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
df		 平方和
Sum of square		 均方
Mean squares		 F值
F-value		 显著性
Significance
拔节期干物质量
Dry matter at elongation
 栽培模式CM 26 26.54 1.02 66.23 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 0.80 0.02
总变异Total 80 27.64
抽穗期干物质量
Dry matter at heading
 栽培模式CM 26 170.36 6.55 111.45 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 3.06 0.06
总变异Total 80 175.72
成熟期干物质量
Dry matter at maturity
 栽培模式CM 26 454.03 17.46 60.68 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 14.96 0.29
总变异Total 80 484.13
收获指数
Harvest index
 栽培模式CM 26 0.15 0.01 23.55 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 0.01 0
总变异Total 80 0.16

表10

控水增密对水稻减氮后干物质积累量及收获指数的影响"

栽培模式Cultivation model 干物质积累量Dry matter accumulation (t hm-2) 收获指数
Harvest index
减氮
Nitrogen reduction		 控水增密
Water-density treatment		 拔节期
Elongation stage		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage
N0 W0D0 (CK) 4.8±0.2 12.6±0.4 22.6±0.9 0.532±0.005
N-10% W0D0 4.2±0.2 11.6±0.4 21.0±1.2 0.526±0.015
N-10% W0D1 4.7±0.2 13.1±0.5 22.7±1.2 0.521±0.016
N-10% W0D2 5.0±0.2 13.4±0.4 23.1±0.9 0.481±0.005
N-10% W0D3 5.2±0.1 13.9±0.1 23.8±0.9 0.400±0.011
N-10% W1D1 4.3±0.1 12.3±0.2 22.2±1.0 0.563±0.001
N-10% W1D2 4.6±0.2 12.7±0.2 22.4±1.2 0.502±0.013
N-10% W1D3 4.9±0.2 13.0±0.2 23.3±0.6 0.416±0.022
N-10% W2D1 4.2±0.1 12.1±0.3 21.6±0.8 0.565±0.020
N-10% W2D2 4.4±0.1 12.3±0.2 22.3±0.9 0.507±0.011
栽培模式Cultivation model 干物质积累量Dry matter accumulation (t hm-2) 收获指数
Harvest index
减氮
Nitrogen reduction		 控水增密
Water-density treatment		 拔节期
Elongation stage		 抽穗期
Heading stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage
N-10% W2D3 4.7±0.1 12.7±0.2 22.9±0.7 0.459±0.011
N-10% W3D1 3.8±0.1 11.8±0.3 18.8±0.9 0.567±0.035
N-10% W3D2 4.2±0.2 12.2±0.2 20.8±1.1 0.495±0.017
N-10% W3D3 4.4±0.1 12.6±0.2 21.1±0.4 0.467±0.014
N-30% W0D0 3.6±0.1 9.1±0.3 16.6±1.0 0.547±0.041
N-30% W0D1 3.8±0.1 9.9±0.2 16.8±0.5 0.530±0.010
N-30% W0D2 4.0±0.2 10.7±0.3 18.9±0.4 0.482±0.007
N-30% W0D3 4.5±0.2 11.5±0.4 19.7±0.2 0.441±0.016
N-30% W1D1 3.4±0.0 9.4±0.4 16.7±0.7 0.544±0.013
N-30% W1D2 3.7±0.2 10.2±0.3 18.8±0.6 0.525±0.006
N-30% W1D3 4.3±0.1 11.0±0.6 19.5±0.3 0.471±0.002
N-30% W2D1 3.2±0.1 9.5±0.3 16.5±0.3 0.532±0.010
N-30% W2D2 3.6±0.1 10.0±0.3 19.0±0.2 0.530±0.011
N-30% W2D3 3.9±0.2 10.3±0.4 19.4±0.3 0.473±0.005
N-30% W3D1 3.0±0.1 9.1±0.4 15.6±0.3 0.527±0.016
N-30% W3D2 3.3±0.3 9.4±0.3 18.5±0.1 0.484±0.014
N-30% W3D3 3.6±0.1 9.9±0.4 19.1±0.3 0.460±0.008
LSD0.05 0.23 0.52 1.22 0.026

表11

水稻产量性状的方差分析"

性状
Trait		 变异来源 自由度
df		 平方和
Sum of square		 均方
Mean squares		 F值
F-value		 显著性
Significance
Source of
variation
拔节前干物质量 栽培模式CM 26 26.54 1.02 66.23 < 0.01
Dry matter before elongation stage 误差Residual 52 0.80 0.02
总变异Total 80 27.64
拔节抽穗期干物质量
Dry matter from elongation stage to heading stage		 栽培模式CM 26 70.70 2.72 38.73 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 3.65 0.07
总变异Total 80 75.30
抽穗成熟期干物质量
Dry matter from heading stage to maturity stage		 栽培模式CM 26 99.90 3.84 12.47 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 16.02 0.31
总变异Total 80 122.46
性状
Trait		 变异来源 自由度
df		 平方和
Sum of square		 均方
Mean squares		 F值
F-value		 显著性
Significance
Source of
variation
拔节前干物质比例
Rate of dry matter before elongation stage		 栽培模式CM 26 113.02 4.35 8.1 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 27.90 0.54
总变异Total 80 145.11
拔节抽穗期干物质比例
Rate of dry matter from elongation stage to heading stage		 栽培模式CM 26 378.76 14.57 4.99 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 151.77 2.92
总变异Total 80 538.52
抽穗成熟期干物质比例
Rate of dry matter from heading stage to maturity stage		 栽培模式CM 26 517.65 19.91 5.83 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 177.73 3.42
总变异Total 80 719.18

表12

控水增密对水稻减氮后干物质阶段积累量及比例的影响"

栽培模式Cultivation model 阶段积累量Dry matter accumulation (t hm-2) 干物质积累比例Dry matter accumulation rate (%)
减氮
Nitrogen
reduction		 控水增密
Water-density
treatment		 拔节前
Sowing to elongation stage		 拔节-抽穗
Elongation stage to
heading stage		 抽穗-成熟
Heading stage to maturity stage		 拔节前
Sowing to
elongation stage		 拔节-抽穗
Elongation stage to heading stage		 抽穗-成熟
Heading stage to
maturity stage
N0 W0D0 (CK) 4.8±0.2 7.8±0.3 10.0±0.5 21.2±0.5 34.5±0.5 44.2±1.0
N-10% W0D0 4.2±0.2 7.4±0.3 9.4±0.9 20.0±0.4 35.3±1.8 44.7±2.0
N-10% W0D1 4.7±0.2 8.4±0.4 9.6±0.8 20.7±0.5 37.0±0.8 42.3±1.3
N-10% W0D2 5.0±0.2 8.4±0.2 9.7±0.6 21.7±0.2 36.4±1.0 42.0±1.2
N-10% W0D3 5.2±0.1 8.7±0.1 9.9±0.8 21.9±0.7 36.6±1.2 41.6±1.8
N-10% W1D1 4.3±0.1 8.0±0.1 9.9±0.9 19.4±0.5 36.1±1.6 44.5±2.1
N-10% W1D2 4.6±0.2 8.1±0.1 9.7±1.0 20.6±0.4 36.2±1.9 43.2±2.2
N-10% W1D3 4.9±0.2 8.1±0.4 10.3±0.6 21.0±0.8 34.8±1.8 44.2±1.7
N-10% W2D1 4.2±0.1 7.9±0.3 9.5±0.5 19.5±0.8 36.6±0.8 44.0±0.9
N-10% W2D2 4.4±0.1 7.9±0.1 10.0±0.8 19.7±0.5 35.5±1.1 44.8±1.6
N-10% W2D3 4.7±0.1 8.0±0.1 10.2±0.5 20.5±0.3 35.0±0.7 44.5±1.0
N-10% W3D1 3.8±0.1 8.0±0.2 7.0±0.9 20.2±0.6 42.6±2.3 37.2±2.9
N-10% W3D2 4.2±0.2 8.0±0.0 8.6±1.1 20.2±1.1 38.5±2.1 41.2±2.9
N-10% W3D3 4.4±0.1 8.2±0.2 8.5±0.5 20.9±0.4 38.9±1.5 40.3±1.8
N-30% W0D0 3.6±0.1 5.5±0.4 7.5±1.0 21.8±1.8 33.2±2.3 45.1±3.4
N-30% W0D1 3.8±0.1 6.1±0.2 6.9±0.3 22.6±0.7 36.3±0.5 41.1±0.6
N-30% W0D2 4.0±0.2 6.7±0.4 8.2±0.4 21.2±1.0 35.5±2.3 43.4±1.6
N-30% W0D3 4.5±0.2 7.0±0.2 8.2±0.3 22.8±0.8 35.5±0.8 41.6±1.5
N-30% W1D1 3.4±0.0 6.0±0.4 7.3±0.8 20.4±0.8 36.0±3.0 43.7±3.4
N-30% W1D2 3.7±0.2 6.5±0.4 8.6±0.5 19.7±0.7 34.6±2.3 45.7±1.6
N-30% W1D3 4.3±0.1 6.7±0.5 8.5±0.5 22.1±0.2 34.4±2.7 43.6±2.7
N-30% W2D1 3.2±0.1 6.3±0.2 7.0±0.1 19.4±0.4 38.2±0.5 42.4±0.8
N-30% W2D2 3.6±0.1 6.4±0.2 9.0±0.3 19.0±0.5 33.7±1.0 47.4±1.4
N-30% W2D3 3.9±0.2 6.4±0.6 9.1±0.2 20.1±1.0 33.0±2.5 46.9±1.6
N-30% W3D1 3.0±0.1 6.1±0.4 6.5±0.4 19.2±0.9 39.1±2.7 41.7±2.4
N-30% W3D2 3.3±0.3 6.1±0.0 9.1±0.3 17.8±1.5 33.0±0.2 49.2±1.5
N-30% W3D3 3.6±0.1 6.3±0.4 9.2±0.2 18.9±0.4 33.0±1.5 48.2±1.4
LSD0.05 0.23 0.48 1.06 1.27 2.82 3.17

表13

水稻干物质分配的方差分析"

性状
Trait		 变异来源
Source of variation		 自由度
df		 平方和
Sum of square		 均方
Mean squares		 F值
F-value		 显著性
Significance
茎鞘干物质分配量
Dry matter allocation in stem and sheath		 栽培模式CM 26 52.70 2.03 14.03 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 7.51 0.14
总变异Total 80 61.20
叶片干物质分配量
Dry matter allocation in leaf		 栽培模式CM 26 69.44 2.67 173.65 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 0.80 0.02
总变异Total 80 70.56
穗部干物质分配量
Dry matter allocation in panicle		 栽培模式CM 26 130.98 5.04 13.34 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 19.63 0.38
总变异Total 80 158.31
茎鞘干物质分配比例
Dry matter allocation rate in stem and sheath		 栽培模式CM 26 284.86 10.96 2.67 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 213.76 4.11
总变异Total 80 520.57
叶片干物质分配比例
Dry matter allocation rate in leaf		 栽培模式CM 26 779.72 29.99 59.74 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 26.10 0.5
总变异Total 80 805.86
穗部干物质分配比例
Dry matter allocation rate in panicle		 栽培模式CM 26 1482.41 57.02 11.34 < 0.01
误差Residual 52 261.48 5.03
总变异Total 80 1767.02

表14

控水增密对水稻减氮后干物质分配的影响"

栽培模式Cultivation model 干物质分配量Dry matter allocation (t hm-2) 干物质分配比例Dry matter allocation rate (%)
减氮
Nitrogen reduction		 控水增密
Water-density treatment		 茎鞘
Stem and sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 穗
Panicle		 茎鞘
Stem and sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 穗
Panicle
N0 W0D0(CK) 6.8±0.2 3.5±0.1 12.3±0.6 30.1±0.7 15.5±0.2 54.4±0.8
N-10% W0D0 6.4±0.2 3.3±0.1 11.3±1.0 30.5±1.0 15.8±0.9 53.7±1.8
N-10% W0D1 7.1±0.1 3.5±0.0 12.1±1.2 31.3±1.4 15.5±0.8 53.2±2.3
N-10% W0D2 7.5±0.1 4.2±0.2 11.4±0.9 32.5±1.4 18.2±0.9 49.3±2.2
栽培模式Cultivation model 干物质分配量Dry matter allocation (t hm-2) 干物质分配比例Dry matter allocation rate (%)
减氮
Nitrogen reduction		 控水增密
Water-density treatment		 茎鞘
Stem and sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 穗
Panicle		 茎鞘
Stem and sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 穗
Panicle
N-10% W0D3 8.1±0.2 5.9±0.3 9.8±0.5 34.1±0.7 24.8±0.4 41.2±0.5
N-10% W1D1 6.4±0.4 3.1±0.1 12.7±0.6 28.8±0.6 14.0±0.7 57.2±0.3
N-10% W1D2 7.1±0.2 3.8±0.1 11.5±1.0 31.7±1.3 17.0±0.7 51.3±1.8
N-10% W1D3 7.8±0.2 5.5±0.3 10.0±0.4 33.5±0.3 23.6±1.1 42.9±1.4
N-10% W2D1 6.2±0.2 2.9±0.0 12.5±0.6 28.7±0.2 13.4±0.5 57.9±0.7
N-10% W2D2 7.1±0.2 3.5±0.2 11.7±0.9 31.9±0.6 15.7±1.3 52.4±1.8
N-10% W2D3 7.2±0.3 4.8±0.1 10.9±0.4 31.4±0.3 21.0±0.3 47.6±0.1
N-10% W3D1 5.3±0.3 2.5±0.2 11.0±0.7 28.2±1.6 13.3±0.2 58.5±1.4
N-10% W3D2 7.0±0.2 3.2±0.2 10.6±0.9 33.7±1.5 15.4±0.1 50.9±1.4
N-10% W3D3 6.9±0.1 4.0±0.2 10.2±0.4 32.7±1.1 19.0±0.6 48.3±0.8
N-30% W0D0 4.9±0.1 2.5±0.1 9.2±1.0 29.6±2.0 15.1±0.6 55.3±2.5
N-30% W0D1 5.5±0.3 2.4±0.1 8.9±0.7 32.8±2.0 14.3±0.9 52.9±2.8
N-30% W0D2 6.5±0.2 3.2±0.2 9.2±0.2 34.4±0.9 16.9±0.6 48.7±0.5
N-30% W0D3 6.8±0.2 4.1±0.2 8.8±0.1 34.5±0.8 21.0±0.8 44.5±0.1
N-30% W1D1 5.4±0.1 2.3±0.1 9.0±0.7 32.4±1.7 13.8±0.6 53.8±2.2
N-30% W1D2 6.0±0.1 2.8±0.1 10.0±0.7 32.0±1.5 14.9±0.8 53.2±2.1
N-30% W1D3 6.3±0.1 3.8±0.2 9.4±0.1 32.3±0.0 19.5±0.6 48.2±0.7
N-30% W2D1 5.4±0.1 2.2±0.1 8.9±0.1 32.7±0.4 13.3±0.4 53.9±0.4
N-30% W2D2 5.9±0.4 2.8±0.1 10.3±0.4 31.1±2.0 14.7±0.4 54.2±2.1
N-30% W2D3 6.1±0.2 3.8±0.2 9.5±0.1 31.4±0.5 19.6±0.6 49.0±1.1
N-30% W3D1 5.2±0.1 2.0±0.1 8.4±0.4 33.4±1.1 12.8±0.7 53.8±1.4
N-30% W3D2 6.3±0.1 3.1±0.2 9.1±0.3 34.1±0.7 16.8±1.0 49.2±1.4
N-30% W3D3 6.9±0.1 3.3±0.1 8.9±0.1 36.1±0.2 17.3±0.4 46.7±0.2
LSD0.05 0.31 0.24 1.04 1.86 1.13 2.47
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