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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 949-956.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.81081

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

大气CO2倍增条件下冬小麦气体交换对高温干旱及复水过程的响应

郭丽丽1,*,张茜茜1,*,郝立华1,*(),乔雅君2,陈文娜3,卢云泽3,李菲1,曹旭1,王清涛3,郑云普1,*()   

  1. 1 河北工程大学水利水电学院, 河北邯郸 056038
    2 河北雄安新区生态环境局, 河北雄安 071700
    3 河北工程大学园林与生态工程学院, 河北邯郸 056038
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-04 接受日期:2019-01-19 出版日期:2019-06-12 网络出版日期:2019-06-12
  • 通讯作者: 郭丽丽,张茜茜,郝立华,郑云普
  • 作者简介:E-mail: guolili123920@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300905);河北省引进留学人员资助项目(CN201702);河北省创新能力提升计划科技研发平台建设专项(18965307H);河北省研究生创新能力资助项目(CXZZSS2018077);干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM201702)

Responses of leaf gas exchange to high temperature and drought combination as well as re-watering of winter wheat under doubling atmospheric CO2 concentration

Li-Li GUO1,*,Xi-Xi ZHANG1,*,Li-Hua HAO1,*(),Ya-Jun QIAO2,Wen-Na CHEN3,Yun-Ze LU3,Fei LI1,Xu CAO1,Qing-Tao WANG3,Yun-Pu ZHENG1,*()   

  1. 1 School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, Hebei, China
    2 Ecology and Environment Bureau of Xiong’an New District in Hebei, Xiong’an 071700, Hebei, China;
    3 School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, Hebei, China
  • Received:2018-11-04 Accepted:2019-01-19 Published:2019-06-12 Published online:2019-06-12
  • Contact: Li-Li GUO,Xi-Xi ZHANG,Li-Hua HAO,Yun-Pu ZHENG
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0300905);the Hebei Province Foundation for Returnees(CN201702);the Innovation Capability Upgrading Plan of Hebei Province(18965307H);the Hebei Province Graduate Student Innovation Ability Subsidized Project(CXZZSS2018077);the Drought Meteorological Science Research Foundation Project(IAM201702)

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摘要：

探究大气CO2浓度倍增条件下冬小麦气体交换参数对高温干旱及复水过程的生理响应机制, 有助于提高生态过程模型的模拟精度, 更加准确地预测全球气候变化对农田生态系统初级生产力及其生态服务功能的影响。利用4个可精准控制CO2浓度和温度的大型人工气候室, 研究了CO2浓度倍增条件下高温干旱及复水过程对冬小麦气孔特征和气体交换参数的影响。结果表明, CO2浓度倍增(E)导致冬小麦远轴面气孔密度增加、气孔宽度减小、气孔空间分布规则程度降低, 但提高叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用效率(WUE)。高温干旱(HD)使叶片气孔长度、密度、周长和面积减小, 导致叶片气体交换参数均显著下降。然而, 高CO2浓度及高温干旱(EHD)导致气体交换参数下降幅度相对较小, 表明高CO2浓度对高温干旱具有一定的缓解作用。此外, 干旱复水后, 不同处理条件下冬小麦叶片气体交换参数均有所升高, 但高温干旱下叶片的气体交换参数仍未能恢复到对照水平, 暗示光合器官可能在高温干旱时遭到损伤和破坏。

关键词: 大气CO2浓度, 高温干旱处理, 复水, 气体交换参数, 气孔特征

Abstract:

Understanding the responsible mechanisms of crops to combined environmental stresses such as elevated CO2 concentration, climate warming, and drought is critical to improve the accuracy of ecological process models, and thus accurately predict the impacts of global climate change on the Net Primary Production (NPP) and ecosystem service function of farmlands. Four environmental growth chambers accurately controlling CO2 concentration and temperature were employed to investigate the combined effects of high temperature and drought stresses on the stomatal traits and leaf gas exchange during re-watering under doubling CO2 concentration. We found that elevated CO2 concentration (E) increased the stomatal density, decreased the stomatal width and made the spatial distribution pattern of stomata irregular on the abaxial leaf surface, while enhanced the net photosynthetic rates (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rates (Tr), and water use efficiency (WUE). The stomatal length, width, perimeter and area were substantially decreased under the combined high temperature and drought stress (HD), resulting in dramatic decline of leaf gas exchange parameters. Doubling CO2 concentration made the leaf gas exchange parameters enhanced under the HD treatment, suggesting that elevated CO2 concentration can compensate the negative impacts of heat and drought on the physiological processes of winter wheat. Additionally, the leaf gas exchange of winter wheat subjected to the high temperature and drought stresses was enhanced after re-watering, but these parameters were still lower than those of Control, suggesting that the photosynthetic apparatus may be damaged by the combined high temperature and drought stresses.

Key words: CO2 concentration, high temperature and drought, re-watering, gas exchange parameters, stomatal traits

表1

CO2浓度倍增下高温干旱对冬小麦叶片气孔参数的影响"

气孔参数
Stomatal parameter		 叶面
Leaf surface		 对照
Control		 CO2倍增
E		 高温×干旱
HD		 CO2×高温×干旱
EHD		 P值
P-value
气孔密度
Stomatal density (No. mm-2)		 近轴面Adaxial 53.7±1.5 c 53.5±4.6 c 74.1±5.5 a 64.6±8.2 b 0.001
远轴面Abaxial 33.1±1.1 b 41.7±1.2 a 44.1±8.5 a 48.1±2.9 a 0.008
气孔长度
Stomatal length (μm)		 近轴面Adaxial 37.3±3.2 a 38.1±1.8 a 31.7±3.3 b 36.1±2.0 a 0.007
远轴面Abaxial 34.1±2.7 ab 31.9±2.8 b 31.9±3.9 b 36.0±2.4 a 0.003
气孔宽度
Stomatal width (μm)		 近轴面Adaxial 3.5±0.6 a 3.1±0.4 b 3.1±0.5 b 2.6±0.3 c 0.000
远轴面Abaxial 2.8±0.3 ab 3.1±0.4 a 2.6±0.4 b 2.6±0.4 b 0.041
气孔周长
Stomatal perimeter (μm)		 近轴面Adaxial 77.5±7.2 a 79.6±3.7 a 67.3±6.2 b 76.2±7.4 a 0.007
远轴面Abaxial 71.6±6.0 ab 66.5±6.2 bc 65.8±7.6 c 76.2±4.8 a 0.005
气孔面积
Stomatal area (μm2)		 近轴面Adaxial 119.4±18.7 a 109.7±11.7 a 87.3±11.0 b 94.3±11.8 b 0.000
远轴面Abaxial 87.0±12.8 ab 92.2±14.9 a 79.7±16.2 b 95.8±14.8 a 0.067
气孔形状指数
Stomatal shape index (%)		 近轴面Adaxial 14.0±1 a 13.1±1 b 13.9±1 a 13.0±1 b 0.002
远轴面Abaxial 13.0±1 bc 14.5±1 a 13.5±1 b 12.8±1 c 0.001

图1

大气CO2浓度倍增下高温干旱处理对冬小麦叶片近轴面(a)和远轴面(b)气孔空间分布格局影响 图中的Upper 95%表示95%置信区间上界线, Lower 95%表示95%置信区间下界线。Lhat(d)表示最小邻域距离, 即当Lhat(d)值小于95%置信区间时, 气孔在该尺度下为规则分布, 且Lhat(d)的最小值越小, 则气孔空间分布越规则。"

图2

大气CO2浓度倍增下高温干旱及复水对冬小麦净光合速率的影响"

图3

大气CO2浓度倍增下高温干旱及复水对冬小麦气孔导度的影响"

图4

大气CO2浓度倍增下高温干旱及复水对冬小麦蒸腾速率的影响"

图5

大气CO2浓度倍增下高温干旱及复水对冬小麦水分利用效率的影响"

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