作物学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 2143-2151.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.02143
马溶慧;许乃银;张传喜;李文峰;冯营;屈磊;王友华;周治国*
MA Rong-Hui,XU Nai-Yin,ZHANG Chuan-Xi,LI Wen-Feng,FENG Ying,QU Lei,WANG You-Hua,ZHOU Zhi-Guo*
摘要:
以棉纤维比强度高(科棉1号,平均比强度为35 cN tex-1)和中等(美棉33B,平均比强度为32 cN tex-1)的2个基因型为材料,于2005年在江苏省农业科学院(长江流域下游棉区)和江苏省邳州县宿羊山镇(黄河流域黄淮棉区)设置氮素水平(零氮为0 kg hm-2,适氮为240 kg hm-2,高氮为480 kg hm-2)试验,研究氮素调控棉纤维蔗糖代谢及纤维比强度的生理机制。结果表明,棉铃对位叶氮浓度随铃龄变化的趋势符合幂函数曲线[ , YN为棉铃对位叶氮浓度(%),t为铃龄(d),a、b为参数]。高氮水平下的a值显著增加,导致铃龄24 d前纤维中蔗糖代谢相关酶(蔗糖酶、蔗糖合成酶和磷酸蔗糖合成酶)活性和蔗糖转化量、纤维素最大累积速率以及铃龄24 d纤维比强度降低;零氮水平下的b值显著增加,与铃龄24 d后纤维蔗糖代谢相关酶活性和蔗糖含量峰值降低、纤维素快速累积持续期缩短以及铃龄24 d后纤维比强度增幅减小的关系密切。上述变化特征在品种间一致,是棉纤维发育对棉铃对位叶氮浓度做出的重要生理响应,进而导致高氮、零氮水平下的成熟纤维比强度显著降低。铃龄24 d是氮素调控棉纤维蔗糖代谢及纤维比强度的转折期,该时期的棉铃对位叶氮浓度分别为3.15% (南京)、2.75% (徐州)时有利于高强纤维的形成。
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