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作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 586-595.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.91038

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

种植密度对2个青稞品种抗倒伏及秸秆饲用特性的影响

赵小红1,白羿雄1,2,3,*(),王凯1,姚有华1,2,姚晓华1,2,吴昆仑1,2,*()   

  1. 1 青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁810016
    2 青海省青稞遗传育种重点实验室 / 国家麦类改良中心青海青稞分中心, 青海西宁810016
    3 西北农林科技大学农学院, 陕西杨凌712100
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-20 接受日期:2019-09-26 出版日期:2020-04-12 网络出版日期:2019-10-14
  • 通讯作者: 白羿雄,吴昆仑
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 825626698@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由青海省农林科学院创新基金重点研发项目(2019-NKY-01);国家现代农业产业技术体系(大麦青稞)建设专项(CAS-05);青海大学中青年科研基金项目资助(2017-QNY-2)

Effects of planting density on lodging resistance and straw forage characteristics in two hulless barley varieties

ZHAO Xiao-Hong1,BAI Yi-Xiong1,2,3,*(),WANG Kai1,YAO You-Hua1,2,YAO Xiao-Hua1,2,WU Kun-Lun1,2,*()   

  1. 1 Agriculture and Forestry Academy, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
    2 222Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding / Hulless Barley Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
    3 College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
  • Received:2019-05-20 Accepted:2019-09-26 Published:2020-04-12 Published online:2019-10-14
  • Contact: Yi-Xiong BAI,Kun-Lun WU
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Qinghai Provincial Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Innovation Fund Key Research and Development Project(2019-NKY-01);the China Agriculture Research System (Barley and Hulless Barley)(CAS-05);the Qinghai University Young and Middle-aged Research Fund Project(2017-QNY-2)

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摘要：

种植密度是影响青稞抗倒伏和秸秆饲用特性的重要因子。以抗倒伏品种昆仑14号和倒伏品种门源亮蓝为试验材料, 比较研究种植密度对这2个品种生长发育、抗倒伏特性和秸秆饲用特性的影响。结果表明, 种植密度对2个品种的抗倒伏和秸秆饲用特性的影响存在差异。随着种植密度的增加, 昆仑14号根长、根体积、根数和根干重先增后降, 茎粗和壁厚依次下降; 门源亮蓝根系和茎秆相关指标则随种植密度增大而下降。昆仑14号抗倒伏相关指标先增后降, 但整个生育期未发生倒伏; 门源亮蓝各指标均显著降低, 诱发倒伏现象提前发生, 致使倒伏率增大、倒伏程度加剧。昆仑14号茎秆中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、半纤维素、纤维素和木质素等化学成分含量随密度增加先增后降, 门源亮蓝各成分含量呈下降趋势, 相对饲喂价值随密度增加呈现增高的趋势。综合抗倒伏特性与秸秆饲用特性, 昆仑14号最佳种植密度为375×10 4株 hm -2, 门源亮蓝粮饲兼用时适宜密度为300×10 4~375×10 4株 hm -2。

关键词: 青稞, 种植密度, 生长发育, 抗倒性, 饲草特性

Abstract:

Planting density is an important factor affecting the lodging resistance and straw feeding characteristics of hulless barley. Two varieties the lodging-resistant variety Kunlun 14 and the lodging variety Menyuanlianglan, were used to study the effects of planting density on the growth and development, lodging characteristics and straw feeding characteristics. The effects of planting density on two varieties were not entirely consistent. With the increase of planting density, the traits of root and stem increased firstly and decreased then in Kunlun 14, whereas gradually decreased in Menyuanlianglan; and the relative lodging-resistance indexes of Kunlun 14 were increased firstly and decreased then, without lodging occurred, while these in Menyuanlianglan were significantly declined, resulted in lodging in early stage, lodging rate and degree increased; the chemical constituents neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the stem of Kunlun 14 increased firstly and decreased then with the increase of planting density, whereas these of Menyuanlianglan showed a downward trend, with the increased relative feeding value. Based on lodging resistance and straw forage characteristics of two varieties, we concluded that the suitable density of Kunlun 14 should be 3.75×10 6 plants hm -2, and that of Menyuanlianglan for grain and forage should be 3.00×10 6 to 3.75×10 6 plants hm -2.

Key words: hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.), planting density, growth and development, lodging resistance, forage characteristics

表1

种植密度对茎节和根系性状的影响"

品种
Variety		 处理Treatment 株高
Plant height (cm)		 茎粗 Internode external diameter (mm) 壁厚 Internode wall thickness (mm) 根长
Root length (mm)		 体积
Root volume (cm3)		 根干重
Root dry weight (g)		 根数
Root number
基部第2节
2nd node from the base		 基部第3节
3rd node from the base		 基部第4节
4th node from the base		 基部第2节
2nd node from the base		 基部第3节
3rd node from the base		 基部第4节
4th node from the base
2017
昆仑14号
Kunlun 14		 T1 108.78 b 4.29 a 3.84 a 3.99 a 0.48 a 0.47 a 0.39 a 71.75 e 0.16 a 0.32 bc 23.80 d
T2 112.07 a 3.78 ab 3.60 ab 3.78 ab 0.41 ab 0.42 ab 0.31 b 76.08 c 0.17 a 0.33 bc 26.18 c
T3 112.31 a 3.47 b 3.44 ab 3.68 b 0.38 ab 0.40 ab 0.31 b 105.74 a 0.18 a 0.47 a 27.67 b
T4 112.93 a 3.43 b 3.37 ab 3.59 b 0.37 ab 0.38 b 0.28 b 84.52 b 0.17 a 0.39 ab 29.16 a
T5 112.47 a 2.70 c 3.14 b 3.53 b 0.36 b 0.37 b 0.27 b 73.98 d 0.14 a 0.26 c 27.67 b
门源亮蓝
Menyuanlianglan		 T1 114.42 a 3.30 a 2.99 a 2.88 a 0.29 a 0.29 a 0.22 a 98.10 a 0.18 a 0.28 a 26.01 a
T2 112.64 a 2.98 ab 2.72 ab 2.62 ab 0.28 ab 0.29 a 0.22 a 88.82 b 0.17 a 0.19 b 18.06 b
T3 111.51 a 2.83 b 2.57 b 2.57 abc 0.26 ab 0.28 a 0.20 a 62.22 c 0.14 ab 0.12 c 16.53 c
T4 113.61 a 2.79 b 2.52 b 2.42 bc 0.22 ab 0.22 ab 0.18 a 47.08 d 0.10 b 0.11 c 15.00 d
T5 111.84 a 2.38 c 2.52 b 2.32 c 0.20 b 0.20 b 0.18 a 44.70 e 0.08 b 0.08 d 14.38 d
2018
昆仑14号
Kunlun 14		 T1 118.97 b 3.9.0 a 3.50 a 3.50 a 0.41 a 0.40 a 0.32 a 67.69 d 0.16 a 0.25 bc 20.00 b
T2 122.57 a 3.43 b 3.21 ab 3.32 a 0.35 b 0.35 ab 0.26 b 71.77 c 0.15 ab 0.26 bc 22.00 ab
T3 122.83 a 3.15 b 3.07 bc 3.23 a 0.33 b 0.33 ab 0.25 b 99.75 a 0.13 ab 0.37 a 24.75 a
T4 121.30 a 3.12 b 3.01 bc 3.15 a 0.32 b 0.32 b 0.23 b 79.74 b 0.12 bc 0.31 ab 24.50 a
T5 120.68 ab 2.45 c 2.80 c 3.10 a 0.31 b 0.31 b 0.23 b 69.78 cd 0.101 c 0.21 c 23.25 a
门源亮蓝
Menyuanlianglan		 T1 122.87 a 3.03 a 2.67 a 2.69 a 0.21 a 0.21 a 0.16 a 71.72 a 0.12 a 0.18 a 21.25 a
T2 120.96 b 2.74 a 2.45 a 2.45 a 0.20 a 0.20 a 0.16 a 64.94 b 0.10 ab 0.12 b 14.75 b
T3 119.75 b 2.60 a 2.32 a 2.40 a 0.19 a 0.20 a 0.14 a 45.49 c 0.07 bc 0.08 c 13.50 bc
T4 122.00 a 2.56 a 2.27 a 2.26 a 0.16 ab 0.16 a 0.13 a 34.42 d 0.06 c 0.07 cd 12.25 c
T5 120.10 b 2.18 b 2.21 a 2.17 a 0.14 b 0.14 a 0.13 a 32.68 e 0.04 c 0.05 d 11.75 c

图1

种植密度对籽粒产量的影响 T1: 150×104株 hm-2; T2: 225×104株 hm-2; T3: 300×104株 hm-2; T4: 375×104株 hm-2; T5: 450×104株 hm-2。"

表2

种植密度对倒伏特性的影响"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 茎长 Stem length (cm) 茎重 Stem weight (g) 茎秆强度 Stem strength 穗重
Panicle weight (g)
基部第2节
2nd node from the base		 基部第3节
3rd node from the base		 基部第4节
4th node from the base		 基部第2节
2nd node from the base		 基部第3节
3rd node from the base		 基部第4节
4th node from the base		 基部第2节
2nd node from the base		 基部第3节
3rd node from the base		 基部第4节
4th node from the base
2017
昆仑14号
Kunlun 14		 T1 10.56 b 13.36 a 22.84 a 0.28 b 0.24 b 0.27 b 10.60 ab 6.57 a 6.28 a 3.26 ab
T2 10.76 b 13.95 a 20.05 a 0.29 b 0.27 b 0.28 b 14.54 ab 7.15 a 6.38 a 3.19 ab
T3 13.07 a 16.30 a 23.31 a 0.35 a 0.40 a 0.36 a 19.34 a 9.11 a 7.10 a 3.47 a
T4 12.50 a 15.00 a 21.36 a 0.25 b 0.23 bc 0.24 b 9.92 b 5.99 a 5.98 a 3.06 b
T5 11.84 ab 14.23 a 20.75 a 0.24 b 0.22 c 0.23 b 9.54 b 4.15 b 5.61 a 3.50 a
门源亮蓝Menyuanlianglan T1 13.65 c 14.99 b 17.94 c 0.14 ab 0.16 ab 0.16 b 4.07 b 1.85 b 1.61 b 0.92 b
T2 13.10 c 14.90 b 17.00 c 0.15 a 0.16 a 0.19 a 4.63 a 2.35 a 2.07 a 1.89 a
T3 14.36 bc 16.06 b 18.49 bc 0.13 b 0.15 abc 0.15 b 2.97 c 1.56 c 1.54 b 0.92 b
T4 16.22 ab 16.27 ac 20.13 ab 0.11 c 0.13 bc 0.14 b 2.10 d 1.48 c 1.33 c 0.66 c
T5 16.96 a 18.51 a 20.55 a 0.10 c 0.12 c 0.14 b 1.77 d 1.413 c 1.30 c 0.62 c
2018
昆仑14号
Kunlun 14		 T1 11.25 d 14.15 d 21.67 c 0.28 a 0.34 a 0.28 a 7.31 c 4.45 b 4.76 a 6.08 a
T2 13.3 b 15.00 cd 22.28 bc 0.23 ab 0.21 b 0.22 a 10.03 b 4.84 b 4.01 cd 6.13 a
T3 13.9 a 17.53 a 25.90 a 0.22 b 0.19 b 0.21 a 13.34 a 6.61 a 4.21 bc 6.73 a
T4 12.6 c 16.13 b 23.73 b 0.20 b 0.19 b 0.19 a 6.84 d 4.06 b 4.23 bc 6.38 a
T5 11.45 d 15.3 bc 22.68 bc 0.19 b 0.17 b 0.18 a 6.58 d 2.81 c 3.76 d 6.20 a
门源亮蓝Menyuanlianglan T1 14.28 d 16.30 c 18.68 c 0.14 a 0.15 a 0.17 a 3.73 a 1.86 a 1.61 a 4.03 b
T2 14.87 d 16.40 c 19.70 bc 0.13 a 0.14 a 0.14 ab 3.28 a 1.49 a 1.25 b 5.60 a
T3 15.65 c 17.57 b 20.30 b 0.12 a 0.13 a 0.13 ab 2.39 b 1.24 a 1.20 b 3.93 b
T4 17.67 b 17.80 b 22.10 a 0.10 a 0.12 a 0.11 bc 1.69 bc 1.17 a 1.03 b 3.78 b
T5 18.48 a 20.25 a 22.93 a 0.09 a 0.11 a 0.08 c 1.43 c 1.21 1.01 b 3.53 b

表3

种植密度对青稞田间倒伏率的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理Treatment 开花期 Anthesis stage 灌浆期 Filling stage 成熟期 Mature stage
LR LD LR LD LR LD
2017 昆仑14号
Kunlun 14		 T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
门源亮蓝
Menyuanlianglan		 T1 0 0 37.95 3 80.87 5
T2 0 0 38.92 3 81.43 5
T3 0 0 51.79 4 83.05 5
T4 0 0 56.50 4 83.09 5
T5 19.38 1 74.50 4 95.09 5
2018 昆仑14号
Kunlun 14		 T1 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 0 0 0 0 0 0
门源亮蓝
Menyuanlianglan		 T1 0 0 45.67 3 97.33 5
T2 0 0 46.84 3 98.00 5
T3 0 0 62.33 4 99.95 5
T4 0 0 68.00 4 100.00 5
T5 23.33 1 89.67 5 100.00 5

图2

种植密度对秸秆产量的影响 T1: 150×104株 hm-2; T2: 225×104株 hm-2; T3: 300×104株 hm-2; T4: 375×104株 hm-2; T5: 450×104株 hm-2。"

表4

种植密度对青稞饲草品质的影响"

年份
Year		 品种
Variety		 处理Treatment 粗蛋白
Crude protein
(%)		 NDF
(%)		 ADF
(%)		 半纤维素
Hemicellulose (%)		 纤维素
Cellulose (%)		 木质素
Lignin (%)		 RFV
2017 昆仑14号
Kunlun 14		 T1 1.69 ab 75.61 c 53.40 ab 22.56 c 36.44 d 15.17 d 58.20 b
T2 1.70 ab 79.47 b 55.87 ab 23.98 b 37.20 c 18.20 b 53.11 c
T3 1.68 ab 84.81 a 60.11 a 25.09 a 39.62 a 19.99 a 46.14 d
T4 1.91 a 79.07 b 55.31 ab 24.14 b 37.72 b 17.12 c 53.89 c
T5 1.65 b 71.77 d 48.97 b 23.16 c 35.77 e 12.79 e 65.79 a
门源亮蓝
Menyuan
lianglan		 T1 1.79 b 69.67 a 47.97 a 22.03 a 35.19 a 12.38 a 68.81 d
T2 1.94 b 67.14 b 46.06 b 21.42 ab 34.07 b 11.61 ab 73.46 c
T3 2.33 a 64.63 c 43.95 c 21.00 bc 32.50 c 11.09 bc 78.67 b
T4 2.47 a 63.74 c 43.35 c 20.70 bc 32.13 c 10.86 c 80.45 ab
T5 2.70 a 62.51 d 42.68 d 20.14 c 31.97 c 10.36 c 82.81 a
2018 昆仑14号
Kunlun 14		 T1 1.83 ab 71.95 c 50.72 d 21.23 b 34.88 cd 15.84 c 63.85 b
T2 1.84 ab 75.63 b 53.07 bc 22.56 a 35.61 bc 17.46 b 58.50 c
T3 1.81 b 80.71 a 57.10 a 23.61 a 37.92 a 19.18 a 51.19 d
T4 1.78 b 75.25 b 52.54 cd 22.71 a 36.11 b 16.43 c 59.30 c
T5 1.93 a 68.31 d 46.51 e 21.79 a 34.24 d 12.27 d 71.73 a
门源亮蓝
Menyuan
lianglan		 T1 2.10 d 66.30 a 45.56 a 20.73 a 33.68 a 11.88 a 74.94 d
T2 2.20 cd 63.90 b 43.75 b 20.15 ab 32.61 a 11.14 b 79.81 c
T3 2.52 bc 61.51 c 41.75 c 19.76 b 31.11 b 10.64 bc 85.26 b
T4 2.67 ab 60.66 cd 41.18 c 19.48 c 30.76 b 10.42 cd 87.13 b
T5 2.92 a 59.49 d 40.54 c 18.95 c 30.60 b 9.94 d 89.62 a
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