作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9): 1724-1740.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04253
娄洪祥1(
), 姬建利1, 蒯婕1, 汪波1, 徐亮2, 李真1, 刘芳3, 黄威4, 刘暑艳5, 尹羽丰6, 王晶1,*(
), 周广生1
LOU Hong-Xiang1(
), JI Jian-Li1, KUAI Jie1, WANG Bo1, XU Liang2, LI Zhen1, LIU Fang3, HUANG Wei4, LIU Shu-Yan5, YIN Yu-Feng6, WANG Jing1,*(
), ZHOU Guang-Sheng1
摘要:
高产抗倒不协调是油菜生产中最主要的矛盾, 严重制约着油菜生产效益的进一步提高。在高密度、机械化生产模式下, 这种矛盾尤为突出。受母系遗传的影响, 杂交油菜的正、反交组合在产量与倒伏相关性状上常表现出明显差异, 但种植密度对不同杂交组合这些关键性状的影响尚不明确。本研究针对浙油50、华航901及其正交(华航901×浙油50)与反交(浙油50×华航901)组合设置5个种植密度, 考察其产量及倒伏相关性状并计算其杂种优势, 研究种植密度对亲本及正、反交组合产量与倒伏相关性状的影响, 为当前高密度直播生产模式下杂交油菜亲本的选配提供依据。结果表明, 随种植密度增加, 亲本及正、反交组合的实际产量和经济系数均呈先增后降的趋势, 且无论正、反交组合, 其实际产量的动态变化规律均与父本更为接近; 倒伏指数在两点随种植密度的变化规律不同, 但无论正、反交组合, 其倒伏指数的动态变化规律均与母本相一致。在西宁试点, 杂交组合产量均具有明显的平均杂种优势, 且正交组合比反交组合具有更大的杂种优势; 正交组合具有一定的抗倒性杂种优势, 但是反交组合无抗倒性杂种优势。综上所述, 高密度直播生产模式下, 杂交油菜亲本选配推荐方案以高产品种为父本, 抗倒性强的品种为母本进行组配, 可以获得高产、抗倒性强且更适宜密植的杂交油菜品种。
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