作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (6): 1516-1526.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.11038
黄婷苗1,2(), 于荣1, 王朝辉1,*(), 黄冬琳1, 王森1, 靳静静1
HUANG Ting-Miao1,2(), YU Rong1, WANG Zhao-Hui1,*(), HUANG Dong-Lin1, WANG Sen1, JIN Jing-Jing1
摘要:
为了确定改善小麦硒营养的硒肥调控措施, 分析不同施硒方法对小麦硒农艺强化的可行性, 在陕西永寿典型缺硒土壤上开展2年定位试验。第1年, 以生产硒含量100 μg kg -1的小麦籽粒为最低目标, 设置不施硒、土施硒酸钠、叶喷硒酸钠、土施亚硒酸钠、叶喷亚硒酸钠5个处理, 用量分别为0、15、18、700、45 g Se hm-2, 研究不同硒价态和施硒方式对小麦产量、硒含量、硒吸收利用的影响, 第2年各小区一分为二, 一半秸秆移出, 一半秸秆还田, 不再施硒, 研究硒肥残效。结果表明, 不同硒价态和施硒方式对小麦籽粒产量、秸秆生物量无影响。第1年, 各施硒处理的籽粒硒含量均达到预期目标, 介于109~397 μg kg -1, 面粉硒含量介于101~356 μg kg -1。第2年, 仅土施亚硒酸钠的籽粒、面粉硒含量高于100 μg kg -1, 秸秆还田和不还田间无差异。土施、叶喷硒酸钠和土施、叶喷亚硒酸钠的籽粒硒强化指数分别为4.7、16、0.3、8.0 (μg kg-1) (g hm-2)-1。叶喷硒酸钠的硒肥当季利用率最高, 为7.3%; 土施亚硒酸钠的硒肥累计利用率仅0.3%, 但后效长, 第2季小麦收获后, 土壤有效硒含量最高, 秸秆不还田和还田条件下分别为91 μg kg -1和107 μg kg -1。综上所述, 黄土高原缺硒区, 土施、叶喷一定量的硒酸钠或亚硒酸钠, 均有利于目标硒营养的小麦生产, 土施亚硒酸钠的需用量大, 生产中应关注其后效, 选择适宜的施硒方式和用量, 实现小麦硒强化。
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