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作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (4): 879-892.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21034

• 综述 •    下一篇

华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米种植体系周年水分高效利用研究进展

张金鑫1,2(), 葛均筑2, 马玮1, 丁在松1, 王新兵1, 李从锋1, 周宝元1,*(), 赵明1,*()   

  1. 1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室, 北京 100081
    2天津农学院农学与资源环境学院, 天津 300384
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-09 接受日期:2022-10-10 出版日期:2023-04-12 网络出版日期:2022-10-18
  • 通讯作者: *周宝元, E-mail: zhoubaoyuan@caas.cn;赵明, E-mail: zhaoming@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:E-mail: jinxxx.zhang@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32071957);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-12);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(S2022ZD05)

Research advance on annual water use efficiency of winter wheat-summer maize cropping system in North China Plain

ZHANG Jin-Xin1,2(), GE Jun-Zhu2, MA Wei1, DING Zai-Song1, WANG Xin-Bing1, LI Cong-Feng1, ZHOU Bao-Yuan1,*(), ZHAO Ming1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Production, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
    2College of Agronomy & Resource and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
  • Received:2022-05-09 Accepted:2022-10-10 Published:2023-04-12 Published online:2022-10-18
  • Contact: *E-mail: zhoubaoyuan@caas.cn;E-mail: zhaoming@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071957);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-02-12);Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(S2022ZD05)

摘要:

在保证周年较高产量的同时, 进一步提高水分利用效率是促进华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟种植体系可持续发展的关键。从20世纪中晚期开始国内学者便从节水灌溉技术创新、灌溉制度优化、替代节水种植制度构建和节水抗旱新品种选育等方面开展了以冬小麦-夏玉米两熟种植体系为核心的周年水分高效利用途径的探索, 取得了重要进展, 显著提高了作物水分利用效率(WUE)。本文综述了华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米种植体系水分高效利用的研究进展, 并提出了通过耕作或播/收期调控冬小麦-夏玉米周年降水与地下水平衡利用, 促进周年水分(灌溉水和降水)高效利用的技术途径, 以充分挖掘华北平原水分生产潜力, 为该区冬小麦-夏玉米种植体系节水高产栽培及节水种植制度建立提供思路和依据。

关键词: 冬小麦-夏玉米, 节水灌溉, 节水种植, 节水品种, 平衡利用

Abstract:

Improving water use efficiency without reducing the annual grain yield is the key to promoting the sustainable development of the winter wheat-summer maize cropping system in the North China Plain. Since the middle and late 20th century, many researches have explored ways to improve the annual water use efficiency of winter wheat-summer maize, including development of water-saving irrigation technology, optimizing of irrigation system, establishment of alternative water-saving cropping system, and breeding new variety of water-saving and drought resistant, which significantly improved the crop water use efficiency (WUE). Here, we summarized the research advance on efficient annual water utilization of winter wheat-summer maize cropping system in North China Plain, and proposed a way regulating the annual water balance through using appropriate tillage or sowing/harvest date to improve water use efficiency of winter wheat-summer maize cropping system. It could provide theory and technical support for the establishment of water-saving and high-yield cultivation cropping system of winter wheat-summer maize in the North China Plain.

Key words: winter wheat-summer maize, water-saving irrigation, water-saving cropping, water-saving varieties, balanced use

表1

冬小麦-夏玉米节水灌溉技术"

节水灌溉方式
Water-saving irrigation
对照
CK
作物
Crop
用水量
Water consumption (%)
水分利用效率
WUE (%)
产量
Yield (%)
参考文献
Reference
根层干湿交替灌溉
Controlled alternate partial root-zone irrigation
均匀灌溉
Uniform irrigation
玉米
Maize
34.4-46.8↓ 19.57-28.77↑ 6-11↓ Kang et al. [17]
亏缺灌溉
Deficit irrigation
充分灌溉
Full irrigation
小麦
Wheat
75↓ 24-30↑ 15↓ Zhang et al. [18]
滴灌
Drip irrigation
漫灌
Flood irrigation
小麦
Wheat
29↓ 92.2↑ 37↑ 程莲等[26]
Cheng et al. [26]
微喷灌
Micro-sprinkler irrigation
漫灌
Flood irrigation
小麦
Wheat
21.0-54.2↓ 5.3-27.8↑ 5.3-18.9↑ 张英华等[28]
Zhang et al. [28]

图1

冬小麦-夏玉米种植体系周年水分平衡利用示意图"

图2

冬小麦-夏玉米种植体系周年水分平衡利用途径"

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