• •
吕国锋*,范金平,吴素兰,张晓,赵仁慧,李曼,王玲,高德荣,别同德,刘健
LYU Guo-Feng*,FAN Jin-Ping,WU Su-Lan,ZHANG Xiao,ZHAO Ren-Hui,LI Man,WANG Ling,GAO De-Rong,BIE Tong-De,LIU Jian
摘要:
冬春小麦杂交是拓宽小麦品种遗传基础的重要途径。通过对冬春杂交育成品种扬麦37及其母本春性品种镇麦9号和父本半冬性品种邯6172的生育期、产量相关性状、抗病性和品质等育种目标性状的测定以及64个上述性状相关基因的分子检测,分析扬麦37的遗传构成以及育种目标性状相关基因在育种过程中的选择情况。结果表明,扬麦37比镇麦9号成熟期早4 d。扬麦37与镇麦9号株高相近,每平方米穗数和千粒重介于双亲之间,每穗粒数高于双亲。扬麦37和镇麦9号均为中抗小麦赤霉病,和邯6172均感小麦白粉病和黄花叶病。扬麦37蛋白质含量和镇麦9号相近,面团稳定时间明显低于镇麦9号。母本镇麦9号和父本邯6172对扬麦37的遗传贡献率分别为62.5%和37.5%。扬麦37与母本镇麦9号的春化、光周期和开花基因单倍型相同。扬麦37遗传了镇麦9号的矮秆基因Rht-B1b,以及母本TaGS-D1和TaSus2-2B以及父本TaSus1-7A的高粒重单倍型。扬麦37遗传了母本镇麦9号的抗赤霉病QTL QFhs.crc.2D,丢失了母本的抗白粉病基因Pm21和抗黄花叶病QTL QYm.nau-2D。扬麦37与镇麦9号同为抗穗发芽单倍型Sdr-B1a和Vp-1Bc。扬麦37不含镇麦9号优质高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(High molecular weight glutenin subunit,HMW-Gs)组合1Dx5+1Dy10,但引入了有对面筋强度有负向效应的1RS.1BL易位系。对开花期、抗穗发芽等基因的选择是扬麦37双亲特异基因不均等分配的主要原因,Pm21、QYm.nau-2D、1Dx5+1Dy10在品种选育过程中丢失和1RS.1BL导入是扬麦37与母本镇麦9号抗病性和品质差异的重要原因。
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