一种玉米穗腐病新病原棘孢木霉的分离与鉴定

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.53014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

玉米穗腐病是造成玉米籽粒减产、品质变差的一种主要病害。该病是由一种或多种病原真菌复合侵染引起的病害，其病原菌种类因环境和地域差异而复杂多样。以拟轮枝镰孢(Fusarium verticillioides)和禾谷镰孢(Fusarium graminearum)等为主的20个病原菌属种可侵染玉米，引起穗腐病。近几年着生白色菌丝和青绿色分生孢子的穗腐病果穗频繁出现，并且其发病率呈逐年上升趋势。然而，这种青绿色穗腐病的致病菌尚未被明确鉴定。本研究通过形态学鉴定、rDNA-ITS测序序列分析、全基因组测序相结合的方法对分离到的病原菌进行鉴定。结果表明，引起玉米青绿色穗腐病的致病菌为新病原菌棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)。利用WGA488染色方法，观察到棘孢木霉的分生菌丝能够侵染玉米籽粒胚乳部位，进一步证实了棘孢木霉对玉米穗腐病的致病性。选取代表性棘孢木霉菌株Tr.10，采用果穗针刺注射法用分生孢子悬浮液接种419份玉米自交系，进行致病性再测定。结果表明，Tr.10分生孢子可成功再侵染玉米不同自交系，引起玉米棘孢木霉穗腐病。不同自交系对棘孢木霉穗腐病抗性存在显著差异。419份玉米自交系中，高抗、抗病、中抗、感病和高感的自交系占比分别占6.8%、30.4%、30.7%、24.9%和7.1%。PHN47、F321、京2416K等25份自交系对棘孢木霉穗腐病表现高抗。本研究结果将为玉米穗腐病的抗性基因挖掘、优良品种选育推广提供重要参考。

关键词: 玉米穗腐病, 棘孢木霉, 致病性, 果穗针刺接种法, 抗性鉴定

Abstract:

Maize ear rot, caused by pathogenic fungi, significantly reduces both yield and grain quality. More than 20 pathogens have been reported to cause this disease, with F. verticillioides and F. graminearum being the most prevalent in China. In recent years, a distinct form of ear and grain rot, characterized by white hyphae and greenish-blue spores, has been frequently observed in various maize-growing regions across the country. However, the specific pathogen responsible for this type of ear rot had not been clearly identified. In this study, we identified the pathogen using a combination of morphological characterization, rDNA-ITS sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing. The results revealed that T. asperellum is the causative agent of maize greenish ear rot. A representative strain, Tr.10, was selected for pathogenicity re-evaluation by inoculating 419 maize inbred lines with a conidial suspension using ear needle-inoculation. The results confirmed that Tr.10 conidia successfully reinfected a wide range of inbred lines, inducing typical T. asperellum ear rot symptoms. Significant variation in disease resistance was observed across the tested lines. Among the 419 genotypes, 6.8% were classified as highly resistant, 30.4% as resistant, 30.7% as moderately resistant, 24.9% as susceptible, and 7.1% as highly susceptible. Notably, 25 inbred lines, including PHN47, F321, and Jing 2416K, exhibited high levels of resistance. These findings provide important insights into resistance mechanisms and offer a foundation for molecular breeding of Trichoderma ear rot-resistant maize cultivars.

Key words: maize ear rot, T. asperellum, pathogenesis, needle spike cob inoculation, resistance identification

肖森林, 阙凡, 周治寰, 张海霞, 邢锦丰, 朱祥彰, 张彦冰, 张楠, 孙轩, 王荣焕, 宋伟, 王维香, 赵久然. 一种玉米穗腐病新病原棘孢木霉的分离与鉴定[J]. 作物学报, 0, (): 0-.

XIAO Sen-Lin, QUE Fan, ZHOU Zhi-Huan, ZHANG Hai-Xia, XING Jin-Feng, ZHU Xiang-Zhang, ZHANG Yan-Bing, ZHANG Nan, SUN Xuan, WANG Rong-Huan, SONG Wei, WANG Wei-Xiang, ZHAO Jiu-Ran. Isolation and identification of a new pathogen Trichoderma asperellum causing ear rot in maize[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 0, (): 0-.

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