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作物学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 3420-3433.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.63044

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

施氮量对青贮玉米‖拉巴豆系统饲草生产、氮素利用效率及温室气体排放强度的影响

张译尹1，王海霞1，赵梦雨2，王腾飞1，马江萍1，王斌1,3，兰剑1,*   

  1. 1 宁夏大学林业与草业学院 / 宁夏草牧业工程研究中心 / 农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室, 宁夏银川 750021; 2 宁夏惠农区农村合作经济经营管理站, 宁夏石嘴山 753600; 3 兰州大学生态学院, 甘肃兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-21 修回日期:2026-08-21 接受日期:2026-08-21 出版日期:2026-11-12 网络出版日期:2026-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 兰剑, E-mail: ndlanjian@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(草学学科)项目(NXYLXK2017A01)和“一年两熟”人工草地可持续发展模式研究与示范项目(2021BBF02001)资助。

Effects of nitrogen application rates on forage production, nitrogen use efficiency, and greenhouse gas emission intensity in a silage maize-lablab intercropping system

Zhang Yi-Yin1,Wang Hai-Xia1,Zhao Meng-Yu2,Wang Teng-Fei1,Ma Jiang-Ping1,Wang Bin1,3,Lan Jian1,*   

  1. 1 School of Forestry and Grassland Science, Ningxia University / Ningxia Grassland and Rangeland Engineering Research Center / Key Laboratory of Innovation of Forage Efficient Production Model, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China; 2 Ningxia Huinong District Rural Economic Operation and Management Station, Shizuishan 753600, Ningxia, China; 3 College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
  • Received:2026-05-21 Revised:2026-08-21 Accepted:2026-08-21 Published:2026-11-12 Published online:2026-09-01
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Ningxia Higher Education Institution First-Class Discipline Construction Project (Grassland Science Discipline) (NXYLXK2017A01) and the Research and Demonstration Project on the Sustainable Development Model of “Two Crops per Year” Artificial Grasslands (2021BBF02001).

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摘要：

明确不同施氮量下青贮玉米间作拉巴豆对饲草产量、营养品质、氮素利用及温室气体排放的响应特征，为西北灌区优质饲草高产高效绿色生产提供理论依据。本研究于2023—2024年在西北绿洲灌区开展裂区试验，主处理为2种种植模式，即青贮玉米单作(SM)和青贮玉米间作拉巴豆(ML)；副处理为不同施氮量：N0 (0 kg hm?2)、N75 (75 kg hm?2)、N150 (150 kg hm?2)、N225 (225 kg hm?2)和N300 (300 kg hm?2)。测定系统干草产量、营养品质、氮素吸收与利用效率及温室气体排放强度，并利用结构方程模型分析各因子间的相互关系。结果表明，施氮和间作均显著提高了饲草产量和营养品质。与单作相比，在相同施氮量下，间作系统干草产量和粗蛋白产量分别提高18.68%和30.85%，粗蛋白含量、总可消化养分和相对饲喂价值分别提高19.81%、8.47%和11.35%。单作体系产量在N300处理达到最高；间作体系则在N225处理达到峰值。此外，在N75~N300施氮条件下，与单作相比，间作处理的粗蛋白含量、总可消化养分和相对饲喂价值分别提高18.30%~24.51%、7.02%~10.61%和9.49%~12.70%。在相同施氮条件下，间作系统基于干草产量和粗蛋白产量计算的温室气体排放强度较单作分别降低8.51%~20.03%和13.87%~29.08%。结构方程模型揭示了施氮量和种植模式主要通过提高LAI和氮素吸收促进产量形成与饲草品质改善，其中氮素吸收是驱动干草产量提升的关键因子，单位产量温室气体排放强度在过量施氮条件下显著升高，而适量施氮能够在提高产量的同时实现相对较低的排放水平。综上所述，青贮玉米间作拉巴豆结合施氮225 kg hm?2可显著提高饲草产量、营养品质和氮素利用效率，并有效降低温室气体排放强度，可以作为西北灌区优质饲草高产、高效和绿色生产的适宜模式。

关键词: 间作, 施氮量, 产量, 营养品质, 氮肥利用效率, 温室气体排放强度

Abstract: To clarify the response characteristics of forage yield, nutritional quality, nitrogen utilization, and greenhouse gas emissions in silage maize-lablab intercropping under different nitrogen application rates, and to provide a theoretical basis for high-yield, high-efficiency, and green production of high-quality forage in irrigated areas of Northwest China, a split-plot experiment was conducted in the oasis irrigation area of Northwest China from 2023 to 2024. The main plots consisted of two planting patterns: silage maize monocropping (SM) and silage maize-lablab intercropping (ML). The subplots consisted of five nitrogen application rates: N0 (0 kg hm?2), N75 (75 kg hm–2), N150 (150 kg hm–2), N225 (225 kg hm–2), and N300 (300 kg hm–2). System dry matter yield, nutritional quality, nitrogen uptake and use efficiency, and greenhouse gas emission intensity were measured, and structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships among these factors. The results showed that both nitrogen application and intercropping significantly improved forage yield and nutritional quality. Compared with monocropping under the same nitrogen application rate, intercropping increased system dry matter yield and crude protein yield by 18.68% and 30.85%, respectively, and increased crude protein content, total digestible nutrients, and relative feeding value by 19.81%, 8.47%, and 11.35%, respectively. Yield in the monocropping system peaked under N300, whereas that in the intercropping system peaked under N225. In addition, under the N75–N300 treatments, compared with monocropping, intercropping increased crude protein content, total digestible nutrients, and relative feeding value by 18.30%–24.51%, 7.02%–10.61%, and 9.49%–12.70%, respectively. Under the same nitrogen application rate, greenhouse gas emission intensities based on dry matter yield and crude protein yield were reduced by 8.51%–20.03% and 13.87%–29.08%, respectively, in the intercropping system compared with monocropping. Structural equation modeling revealed that nitrogen application and planting pattern promoted yield formation and forage quality improvement mainly by increasing LAI and nitrogen uptake. Nitrogen uptake was the key factor driving dry matter yield improvement. Greenhouse gas emission intensity per unit yield increased significantly under excessive nitrogen application, whereas appropriate nitrogen application achieved relatively low emissions while increasing yield. Overall, silage maize-lablab intercropping combined with a nitrogen application rate of 225 kg hm–2 significantly improved forage yield, nutritional quality, and nitrogen use efficiency, while effectively reducing greenhouse gas emission intensity. Therefore, it can be recommended as a suitable production pattern for high-yield, high-efficiency, and green production of high-quality forage in irrigated areas of Northwest China.

Key words: intercropping, nitrogen application rate, forage yield, forage quality, nitrogen use efficiency, greenhouse gas emission intensity

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