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作物学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (01): 138-145.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00138

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

陇中半干旱区马铃薯集雨限灌效应研究

秦舒浩1,张俊莲1,王蒂1,肖洪浪1,蒲育林2   

  1. 1甘肃农业大学农学院 / 甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室，中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所，甘肃兰州 730070；2 定西市旱作农业研究所，甘肃定西 743300
  • 收稿日期:2010-05-08 修回日期:2010-09-08 出版日期:2011-01-12 网络出版日期:2010-11-16
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(Nycytx-15)，农业部公益性行业科研专项(nyhy2X07-006)，甘肃省教育厅项目(0902B-06)，甘肃省自然科学基金项目(096RJZA009)和农牧厅科技创新项目资助。

Effects of Limited Supplemental Irrigation on Potato in the Semiarid Areas of Middle Gansu Province

QIN Shu-Hao1,ZHANG Jun-Lian1,WANG Di1,XIAO Hong-Lang1,PU Yu-Lin2   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University / Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China; 2 Dingxi Institute of Rain-fed Agriculture, Dingxi 743300, China
  • Received:2010-05-08 Revised:2010-09-08 Published:2011-01-12 Published online:2010-11-16

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1605

被引次数

13

摘要： 采用大田试验与实验室分析相结合的方法，研究了集雨限灌对旱作马铃薯田蒸散量、灌水利用率、产量、产量性状及薯块品质的影响。结果表明，集雨限灌45 mm条件下马铃薯水分利用效率(WUE)显著提高，在此基础上增加灌水量，WUE降低；苗期限灌处理的WUE和灌水利用效率(IWUE)均高于薯块膨大期；苗期限灌45 mm处理综合用水效率较高。限灌可提高旱作马铃薯产量、大薯率与中薯率，降低小薯率，苗期限灌有利于大薯率的提高，薯块膨大期限灌有利于中薯率的提高；限灌降低马铃薯单株结薯数，可提高单株薯产量；超过45 mm随限灌量的增加，产量增加不显著，绿薯率和烂熟率显著增加。限灌能降低马铃薯薯块淀粉含量，提高薯块蛋白质含量。苗期限灌45 mm为半干旱区马铃薯最佳集雨限灌模式。

关键词: 集雨限灌, 旱作马铃薯, 产量效应, 水分效应, 薯块品质

Abstract: Water supply scarcity is the main limiting factor for sustainable agriculture development in semiarid areas on the Western Loess Plateau. Because of imbalance for rainfall distribution, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of potato, one of the dominant crops in middle Gansu province, are relatively low. To optimize supplemental irrigation system using limited catchment rainfall for rain-fed potato in the area, field experiments were carried out in 2008–2009 to determine evapotranspiration, WUE, yield, yield traits and quality of rain-fed potato under different supplemental irrigation amounts and timings. The results showed thatWUE of potato increased significantly in the supplemental irrigation treatment of 45 mm, and decreased with increasing of irrigation amount. WUE and irrigating water use efficiency (IWUE) of potato were higher with supplemental irrigation at the seedling than the tuber expanding stage. WUE and IWUE were the highest under the 45 mm of irrigation at the seedling stage.Yield, rates of bigger tuber and middle tuber in rain-fed potato were increased, and small tuber rates were decreased by supplemental irrigation. Big tuber rates were increased by supplemental irrigation at the seedling stage, while medium tuber rates were increased by supplemental irrigation at the tuber expanding period. Potato numbers per plant were decreased, but tuber yield per plant was increased by supplemental irrigation. With increasing of irrigation amount, the yield of potato was not increased significantly, but green tuber rate and blet tuber rate were increased significantly. Starch content of potato was reduced, while protein content of tuber was increased by supplemental irrigation. Supplemental irrigation of 45 mm at seedling is optimal irrigation system for rain-fed potato in the area.

Key words: Limited supplemental irrigation using catchment rainfall, Rain-fed potato, Yield effect, Water effect, Tuber quality

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