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作物学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (11): 2009-2015.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.02009

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

综合农艺管理对夏玉米氮效率和土壤硝态氮的影响

靳立斌1，崔海岩1，李波1，杨今胜2，董树亭1，赵斌1，刘鹏1，张吉旺1,*   

  1. 1 作物生物学国家重点实验室 / 山东农业大学农学院，山东泰安 271018；2山东登海种业股份有限公司 / 山东省玉米育种与栽培技术企业重点实验室, 山东莱州 261448
  • 收稿日期:2013-02-04 修回日期:2013-06-09 出版日期:2013-11-12 网络出版日期:2013-08-12
  • 通讯作者: 张吉旺, E-mail: jwzhang@sdau.edu.cn, Tel: 0538-8245838
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31271662)，山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目，国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203100)，国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B09)和山东省玉米育种与栽培技术企业重点实验室开放课题资助。

Effects of Integrated Agronomic Practices on Nitrogen Efficiency and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen of Summer Maize

JIN Li-Bin1,CUI Hai-Yan1,LI Bo1,YANG Jin-Sheng2,DONG Shu-Ting1,ZHAO Bin1,LIU Peng1,ZHANG Ji-Wang1,*   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; 2Shandong Denghai Seeds Co. Ltd, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Corn Breeding and Cultivation Technology, Laizhou 261448, China
  • Received:2013-02-04 Revised:2013-06-09 Published:2013-11-12 Published online:2013-08-12
  • Contact: 张吉旺, E-mail: jwzhang@sdau.edu.cn, Tel: 0538-8245838

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被引次数

13

摘要：

通过对播种方式、播种时间、施肥时期及用量和收获时间等农艺措施的优化组合，设置综合农艺管理和施氮量试验，研究了对夏玉米氮效率和土壤硝态氮积累的影响。结果表明，随着施氮量的增加，氮肥偏生产力显著提高，氮肥农学利用效率显著下降，氮素利用效率和氮收获指数先增加后降低，施氮184.5 kg hm-2时达到最高；施氮显著提高了花前氮素积累量和0~30 cm土层硝态氮累积量；0~30 cm土层硝态氮累积量随施氮量的增加逐渐提高，即单一氮肥运筹下，氮效率不能持续提高，且土壤硝态氮积累量却因增施氮肥而逐渐升高。综合农艺管理的再高产高效处理(Opt-2)的氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用效率、氮素利用效率和氮收获指数均最高；花前氮素积累量较低，收获后植株氮素积累总量高于农民习惯处理且低于超高产处理；玉米收获后，0~30 cm、30~60 cm和60~90 cm土层硝态氮累积量均低于农民习惯处理，即通过优化的综合农艺管理，夏玉米氮效率显著提高，生育期内氮素积累趋势合理，玉米收获后土壤硝态氮积累量较低。

关键词: 夏玉米, 综合农艺管理, 氮效率, 硝态氮, 高产高效

Abstract:

A field study with an integrated management experiment and a nitrogen (N) application rate test was conducted to explore the effects of integrated agronomic practices such as sowing methods, sowing time, fertilizers amount and applied date and harvest time on N efficiency and nitrate N of summer maize,. Results showed that, with increasing N application amount partial factor productivity of applied N increased and N fertilizer agricultural utilization efficiency decreased significantly; N use efficiency and N harvest index increased first and then decreased gradually, and both of them reached the maximum at a N application of 184.5 kg ha-1; the N accumulation before tasseling stage and nitrate N accumulation in 0–30 cm soil increased. That means that it is difficult to realize high N efficiency and lower soil N accumulation persistently. Under integrated management of further high yield and high efficiency treatment (Opt-2), the partial factor productivity of applied N, N fertilizer agricultural utilization efficiency, N use efficiency and N harvest index all increased significantly; the N accumulation before tasseling stage was low, but the N accumulation of plants was higher than that under farmers’ traditional cultivation and lower than that under high yield treatment at harvest time; after harvesting, the nitrate N accumulation in 0–30, 30–60, and 60–90 cm soils was lower than that under farmers’ practices. Therefore the N efficiency of summer maize was increased significantly and the N accumulation trend was reasonable in growing season and the soil nitrate N accumulation was lower after harvesting when the integrating agronomic practices are performed.

Key words: Summer maize, Integrated agronomic practices, N efficiency, Nitrate N, High yield and high efficiency

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