小麦与玉米杂交产生小麦单倍体与双单倍体的稳定性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.02247

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

小麦与玉米杂交是诱导小麦单倍体最有效的途径之一, 但单倍体和双单倍体产生频率不稳定影响了该技术的应用。选用13个小麦杂种F₁代单交组合与玉米杂交, 研究了不同小麦生长环境、生长素处理、培养基和壮苗处理对单倍体及双单倍体产生频率的影响。小麦生长在大田, 去雄后割穗培养与玉米杂交平均得胚率为23.9%, 每个杂交穗平均得胚数6.8个, 均是返青后从大田移回冷温室盆栽的3倍以上；不同小麦杂交组合间胚产生频率存在明显差异。生长素Dicamba蘸穗处理平均得胚率是21.5%, 与2,4-D处理得胚率(21.1%)无显著差异, 但不同杂交组合间差异显著。B5培养基幼胚萌发率为70.9%~88.3%, 平均82.0%；1/2 MS培养基胚萌发率为70.0%~86.0%, 平均76.6%；两种培养基平均胚萌发率无显著差异。试管苗经壮苗培养基壮苗处理与试管苗经移栽壮苗处理后加倍效率分别是67.6%和8.6%。移栽壮苗处理的苗分蘖少, 生长较弱, 加倍处理后存活率低和加倍率低是其单倍体加倍效率低的原因。

关键词: 小麦×玉米, 单倍体, 激素处理, 培养基

Abstract:

One of the most effective ways to produce wheat haploid is the method of crossing wheat with maize. However, the problem of unstable frequencies in haploid and doubled haploid production affects its application. In this study, 13 F₁wheat hybrids crossed with maize to explore the effects of wheat growth condition, hormone treatment, culture medium, and strong seedling treatment on production of haploid and doubled haploid. The frequency of embryo formation was 23.9% and the number of embryos per spike was 6.8 for the wheat plants grown in filed and then detached before pollination and hydroponically cultured after pollination. The efficiency of this method was three times higher than that of the method with plants transplanted into pot after green recovering in early spring and then grown in the unheated greenhouse condition. Embryo formation frequencies were obviously different among wheat crosses. There was no significant difference in the frequency of embryo formation between treatments of dipping spike with Dicamba (21.5%) and 2,4-D (21.1%). However, wheat cross had significant effect on embryo formation. The mean frequency of embryo germination on B5 medium was 82.0%, ranging from 70.9% to 88.3%, whereas averaged frequency of embryo germination was 76.6% on 1/2 MS medium, ranging from 70.0% to 86.0%. There was no significant difference between the two culture media in embryo germination. The efficiency of doubled haploid production for the seedlings treated with culture medium and transplanted into pot was 67.6% and 8.6%, respectively. Most of seedlings transplanted into pot had no tiller and grew weakly, this is the reason for low frequency of survival plant and very low frequency of doubling after colchicine treatment.

Key words: Wheat ×, maize cross, Haploid, Hormone treatment, Culture medium

陈新民,王凤菊,李思敏,张文祥. 小麦与玉米杂交产生小麦单倍体与双单倍体的稳定性[J]. 作物学报, 2013, 39(12): 2247-2252.

CHEN Xin-Min,WANG Feng-Ju,LI Si-Min,ZHANG Wen-Xiang. Stable Production of Wheat Haploid and Doubled Haploid by Wheat × Maize Cross[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39(12): 2247-2252.

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