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作物学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 2253-2261.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.02253

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

人工模拟荫湿环境对玉米自交系生长发育特性的影响

晏庆九,霍仕平*,张芳魁,张兴端,张健,向振凡,余志江,冯云超   

  1. 重庆三峡农业科学院，重庆404155
  • 收稿日期:2013-02-24 修回日期:2013-07-25 出版日期:2013-12-12 网络出版日期:2013-10-01
  • 通讯作者: 霍仕平, E-mail: huosp4936@sina.com; Tel: 023-58801057
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由重庆市自然科学基金重点项目(CSTC, 2011BA1029)，重庆市科技攻关项目(CSTC, 2011AC1138)，重庆市农作物良种创新工程项目(CSTC, 2012ggC80004; CSTC, 2012ggC80006; CSTC, 2012ggC80003)资助。

Effects of Artificial Shaded-Humid Environment on Growth Characteristics in Different Maize Inbred Lines

YAN Qing-Jiu,HUO Shi-Ping*,ZHANG Fang-Kui,ZHANG Xing-Duan,ZHANG Jian,XIANG Zhen-Fan,YU Zhi-Jiang,FENG Yun-Chao   

  1. Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Science, Chongqing 404155, China
  • Received:2013-02-24 Revised:2013-07-25 Published:2013-12-12 Published online:2013-10-01

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摘要：

采用人工遮光增湿的方法，通过比较30个玉米自交系在荫湿环境和自然环境下生长发育特性的差异，研究了荫湿环境对玉米自交系生长发育特性的影响。结果表明，本研究设置的遮光增湿环境明显增加了环境湿度，极显著降低了光照强度和光量子，而不影响环境温度；荫湿环境导致玉米自交系有效功能叶数和雄穗分枝数减少，株高、穗位高、百粒重和单株粒重降低，茎秆和果穗变细，穗长变短，行粒数减少，而第7叶长、第7叶长宽比和纹枯病指数增大，ASI延长，与自然环境下这些性状的表现差异均极显著，且基因型间存在极显著差异。主成分分析结果表明，前7个综合指标的累计贡献率达85.08%，根据主成分分析和隶属函数分析获得的各自交系的综合评价值(D)可将30个自交系分为耐荫湿性强、耐荫湿性中和耐荫湿性弱3个类型。逐步回归分析结果表明，对综合评价值D影响显著的性状指标是第7叶长、雄穗分枝数和单株粒重，回归方程的R = 0.896，达极显著，预示可根据这些性状受荫湿环境影响程度进行耐荫湿性玉米育种材料的鉴定与筛选。

关键词: 玉米, 自交系, 荫湿, 指标

Abstract:

Light deficiency and high humidity are important limiting factors resulting in stunted plant, lower production and poorer grain quality of maize (Zea mays L.) in southwest China. It could be an effective way for solving this problem to group with new maize hybrids by evaluating and selecting maize breeding materials with tolerance to shaded-humid environment. During 2011–2012, thirty maize inbred lines were tested and compared under the natural environment and the artificial by simulated shaded-humid environment at the same time. The results showed that the relative humidity of air increased significantly, theillumination intensity and photon decreased very significantly, but the air temperature changed little under the shaded-humid environment，resulting in that the effective functional leaves, tassel branches, plant height, ear height, 100-kernel weight, individual kernel weight, stem diameter, ear diameter, ear length and kernel number per row of inbred lines reduced; the interval from anthesis to silking (ASI) prolonged, the 7th leaf length, 7th leaf length-width ratio and sheath blight index became bigger, with highly significant differences  between two environments. The tested traits varied significantly among different inbred lines also, but not among different years. The results of principal component analysis indicated that the contribution ratio of accumulated variance of the seven main components reached 85.08%. According to the evaluating values (D), which computed by the comprehensive index values and subordinative function values, the thirty inbred lines could be divided into three groups with strong, middle and less tolerance to shaded-humid environment respectively.The stepwise regression analysis showed that the characters influencing the comprehensive values (D) significantly were the 7th leaf length, number of tassel branches and individual kernel weight. The correlation coefficient of linear regression equation was 0.896**, which suggested that we could identify and select maize breeding materials with tolerance to shaded-humid environment based on these character indices.

Key words: 玉米, 自交系, 荫湿, 指标

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