作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 111-117.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84054
周健飞1(),武云杰1,薛刚1,张安乾1,田培1,彭玉富2,杨铁钊1,*()
Jian-Fei ZHOU1(),Yun-Jie WU1,Gang XUE1,An-Qian ZHANG1,Pei TIAN1,Yu-Fu PENG2,Tie-Zhao YANG1,*()
摘要:
为研究不同氮效率烤烟品种成熟期叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶同工酶活性和相关生理指标的动态变化, 深入理解烤烟叶片氮素代谢的生理生化机制。以氮效率不同的3个烤烟品种中烟100、K326和NC89为材料进行盆栽试验。在不同叶龄时期取第12片叶(自下向上数), 采用Western blot方法, 测定叶片的叶肉和主脉谷氨酰胺合成酶同工酶蛋白亚基含量, 同时对叶片NH4 +浓度、总氮、质外体NH4 +浓度以及氨气挥发量进行测定。结果表明, 烤烟叶片叶肉中的GS主要以GS2同工酶为主, 其蛋白亚基含量随着叶龄的增长逐渐下降, 而叶脉中GS1同工酶占主导地位, 其蛋白亚基含量呈先升高后下降的趋势。在叶龄45~65 d, 叶肉和主脉的GS同工酶活性均表现为NC89>K326>中烟100, 且品种间差异达显著水平。叶肉和主脉中GS1同工酶活性与总氮和叶片铵浓度呈负相关, 与质外体铵浓度和氨气挥发量呈正相关。而叶肉中GS2同工酶活性与总氮和叶片铵浓度呈正相关, 与质外体铵浓度和氨气挥发量呈负相关。叶脉GS2活性仅与总氮和氨气挥发量有显著相关性。氮低效烤烟品种成熟期叶片中两种谷氨酰胺合成酶同工酶活性均较低, 氮素转移和再利用能力差, 导致植株吸收的氮素以氨气形式挥发损失量大, 叶片衰老速度较快。而氮高效品种氮素同化和再利用能力较强, 氨气挥发量小, 易发生贪青晚熟。
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