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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (8): 1427-1436.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.01067

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

四倍体小麦与六倍体小麦杂种的染色体遗传特性

罗江陶1(), 郑建敏1, 蒲宗君1,*(), 范超兰2, 刘登才2, 郝明2,*()   

  1. 1四川省农业科学院作物研究所/农业农村部西南地区小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 四川成都 610066
    2四川农业大学小麦研究所, 四川成都 611130
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-20 接受日期:2021-01-13 出版日期:2021-08-12 网络出版日期:2021-02-19
  • 通讯作者: 蒲宗君,郝明
  • 作者简介:E-mail: jtluohao@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技计划项目(2016NYZ0012);四川省科技计划项目(2017JY0077);四川省科技计划项目(2018JY0627);四川省财政创新能力提升工程项目(2016ZYPZ-016);四川省育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0002)

Chromosome transmission in hybrids between tetraploid and hexaploid wheat

LUO Jiang-Tao1(), ZHENG Jian-Min1, PU Zong-Jun1,*(), FAN Chao-Lan2, LIU Deng-Cai2, HAO Ming2,*()   

  1. 1Crop Research Institute of Sichuan Academic of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
    2Triticeae Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2020-08-20 Accepted:2021-01-13 Published:2021-08-12 Published online:2021-02-19
  • Contact: PU Zong-Jun,HAO Ming
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Planning Project of Sichuan Province(2016NYZ0012);Science and Technology Planning Project of Sichuan Province(2017JY0077);Science and Technology Planning Project of Sichuan Province(2018JY0627);Financial Innovation Capacity Improvement Project of Sichuan Province(2016ZYPZ-016);Sichuan Provincial Breeding Research Project(2021YFYZ0002)

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摘要：

四倍体栽培小麦(Triticum turgidum L., AABB)和普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L., AABBDD)是两种目前主要的小麦栽培种。通过远缘杂交转移利用四倍体小麦(或六倍体小麦)基因是六倍体小麦(或四倍体小麦)遗传改良的重要方法。然而, 两者杂种F1为基因组组成不平衡的五倍体, 其中A和B基因组染色体均为两套, 而D基因组染色体仅一套。亲本间的遗传差异, 包括核基因组和细胞质基因组, 可能影响五倍体杂种的染色体传递效率。本研究以多个不同遗传背景的四倍体小麦和六倍体小麦为亲本, 配置正反交五倍体杂种F1, 采用多色荧光原位杂交技术分析自交F2代植株的染色体组成规律。结果表明, 杂交亲本的遗传背景对杂种F1自交结实率影响显著; 不论是以四倍体小麦还是六倍体小麦做母本, AB基因组染色体在F1自交过程中相对稳定, F2后代的数目均接近28条(27.9 vs. 28.0); 以四倍体小麦为母本F2平均保留的D基因组染色体数显著多于以六倍体小麦为母本的后代(7.0 vs. 2.9)。因此, 以四倍体小麦为最终目标后代时, 应优先以六倍体小麦为母本进行杂交组合的配置; 以六倍体小麦为最终目标后代时, 应优先以四倍体小麦为母本开始最初的杂交组合配置。

关键词: 四倍体小麦, 六倍体小麦, 染色体传递

Abstract:

Tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L., AABB) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., AABBDD) are two main types of cultivated wheat. Transferring the genes from tetraploid wheat (or hexaploid wheat) into hexaploid wheat (or tetraploid wheat) by distant hybridization is an important method for wheat genetic improvement. However, the F1 hybrid of tetraploid/ hexaploid wheat was pentaploid with unbalanced genome composition, containing two sets of genomes A and B, and only one set of genome D. The genetic divergences from both nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes of the two parents may affect the chromosome transmission efficiency of pentaploid hybrids. In the present study, tetraploid or hexaploid wheats with different genetic backgrounds were used as female or male parents to generate pentaploid F1s. The chromosome composition of F2s were analyzed by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization. The results showed that the genetic background of parent lines has a significant effect on the self-setting rate of F1s. The A and B genome chromosomes were relatively stable during F1 self-process, and the mean total number of A and B chromosomes per F2 individual was close to 28 in both AABB/AABBDD and AABBDD/AABB F2s (27.9 vs. 28.0). However, the average number of D chromosomes retained in F2s with tetraploid wheat as female parent was significantly higher than that with hexaploid wheat as female parent (7.0 vs. 2.9). Therefore, when tetraploid wheat was the final target progeny, hexaploid wheat should be used as the primary female parent to generate F1 hybrids; vice versa, tetraploid wheat should be used.

Key words: tetraploid wheat, hexaploid wheat, chromosome transmission

表1

各杂交组合F1套袋自交结实率"

组配类型
Combination type		 杂交组合
Cross combination		 小穗数
Number of spikelets		 结实数
Solid number		 结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)
六倍体/四倍体
Hexaploid/tetraploid		 P1561/PI185192* — — —
13L2069/PI113961* — — —
亲2142/PI415152 Qin 2142/PI415152 64 5 7.8
亲2122/PI34945 Qin 2122/PI34945 404 288 71.3
亲2120/PI223171 Qin 2120/PI223171 389 161 41.4
亲2120/CITR14139 Qin 2120/CITR14139 431 267 62.0
贵协2号/PI185192 Guixie 2/PI185192 141 21 14.9
贵协011-2/PI190973 Guixie 011-2/PI190973 91 4 4.4
Li-50/PI185192 302 4 1.3
Li-50/PI113961 128 25 19.5
Li-22/PI190973 634 18 2.8
13L2071-2/PI190973 340 24 7.1
总计Total 2924 817 27.9
四倍体/六倍体
Tetraploid/hexaploid		 PI185192/WJN1428* — — —
PI94666/川麦608 PI94666/Chuanmai 608 480 90 18.8
PI352369/贵协011-1 PI352369/Guixie 011-1 182 49 26.9
PI191808/WJN1428 230 72 31.3
PI185192/亲2147 PI185192/Qin 2147 417 106 25.4
PI185192/亲2122 PI185192/Qin 2122 223 142 63.7
CITR14139/WJN1428 125 184 147.2
AS2255/亲2120 AS2255/Qin 2120 83 63 75.9
总计 Total 1740 706 40.6

图1

亲本贵协011-1 (A)和亲2120 (B)FISH 核型 红框指示相互易位染色体。"

图2

F2植株总染色体数(左)和D基因组染色体数(右)分布 左边图中的红色、绿色和蓝色竖线分别代表以四倍体小麦为母本F2单株的平均染色体数、以六倍体小麦为母本F2单株的平均染色体数以及所有F2单株的平均染色体数。右图中的蓝色菱形点代表平均值。"

图3

F2单株的D基因组染色体组成 右图中的每一列代表一个单株, 虚线分隔不同的杂交组合。"

图4

四倍体小麦(上)和六倍体小麦(下)细胞质杂种群体D染色体拷贝数频率分布"

表2

F2杂种中的染色体变异"

组配类型
Combination type		 杂交组合
Cross combination		 材料编号
Material code		 类型
Type
AABB/AABBDD PI185192/亲2122 PI185192/Qin 2122 M143-7 3*1B+3*3B
PI185192/亲2147 PI185192/Qin 2147 M145-4 1*1A
M145-5 1*5DS-
M145-10 1*7DS.7DLV
CITR14139/WJN1428 M146-4 3*6B
M146-5 1*5DS-+1*3DS-5DL+1*6DS.6DL-
M146-10 3*3B
PI352369/贵协011-1 PI352369/Guixie 011-1 M147-1 1*4AL.4AS-5DL.5DS+2*6DS.3AL+1*4B+2*?
M147-2 0*4B+2*6DS.3AL+2*?
M147-3 1*4B+2*6DS.3AL+1*3DS.3DL-+1*6DS
M147-6 2*6DS.3AL+1*?
M147-7 1*4B+1*?
M147-9 1*6DS.3AL+1*?
M147-11 1*6DS.3AL+1*?
AS2255/亲2120 AS2255/Qin 2120 M161-1 1*5BS.7BS+1*5BL.7BL
M161-8 1*3DS-
AABBDD/AABB P1561/PI85192 M149-7 1*2AS.2AL-6AL
13L2069/PI113961 M154-2 1*2AS.2AL-6AL
亲2120/CITR14139 Qin 2120/CITR14139 M157-3 1*3DSV.3DL
亲2120/PI223171 Qin 2120/PI223171 M158-2 1*5BS.7BS+1*5BL.7BL
M158-3 1*5BS.7BS+1*5BL.7BL
M158-4 3*6B+1*5BS.7BS+1*5BL.7BL
亲2142/PI415152 Qin 2142/PI415152 M160-1 1*3DS-3DS

图5

F2植株染色体变异示例图 白色箭头指示结构变异染色体; 黄色箭头指示AB基因组染色体数目变异。A: M145-4: 仅含1条1A染色体; B: M157-3: 3DS端部红色信号缺失; C: M154-2: 含1个2AS.2AL-6AL重组染色体; D: M149-7: 含1个2AS.2AL-6AL重组染色体; E: M146-5: 含1个3DS-5DL重组染色体, 2个D片段; F: M145-10: 7DL端部红色信号缺失; G: M145-5: 含1个D片段; H: M160-1: 含1个3DS-3DS重组染色体; I: M146-10: 含3个3B染色体。"

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